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Is understandable to a wide audience.
Oftentimes uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information.
Steps to Writing Effective Abstracts
1. Reread the article, paper, or report with the goal of abstracting in mind.
2. Look specifically for these main parts of the article, paper, or report: purpose,
methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation.
3. If you're writing an abstract about another person's article, paper, or report, the
introduction and the summary are good places to begin.
4. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes. After you've finished
rereading the article, paper, or report, write a rough draft without looking back at what
you're abstracting.
Don’ts
Don't merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you'll put in too
much or too little information.
Don't rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report:
summarize information in a new way.
Voice
Scientists have grappled for years over the appropriate way to talk about discoveries:
should it be
"We measured ion concentration in the blood"
Or
"Ion concentration in the blood was measured"?
Modern scientific style prefers the active voice. Abstracts are often an exception, but
only if the passive voice reduces the total number of letters and words.
Don’ts
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write
about the research than about the paper.
The abstract should be about the research, not about the act of writing.
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