Computer in Use. Маркушевская Л.П - 48 стр.

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Университет ИТМО | Санкт-Петербург

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48
news system appeared in 1981 and the World Wide Web information system in
1989.
2)The Internet of today is only one third a research and educational network
because of universities and institutes connected to it. However, commercial
communications have taken over the majority of Internet traffic.
3) In 1990, the ARPANET had had many other networks connected to it. Later,
its role as a network backbone was taken over by the NSFNET funded by the
National Science Foundation . The networking companies and organizations
which provided the data connections to all the Internet hosts continued in their
goal of providing easy global network access.
4) The Internet developed from the project initiated by the US Department of
Defense - Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The ARPANET, as it
was then called, was designed to be a non-reliable network service for computer
communications over wide area. In 1973 and 1974, a standard networking
protocol, a communications protocol for exchanging data between computers on
a network, emerged from the various research and educational programs
involved in this project. This became known as TCP/IP or the IP suite of
protocols.
5) These protocols enabled ARPANET computers to communicate irrespective
of their computer operating system or their computer hardware. We call such
protocols heterogeneous. UNIX operating system was developed in the same era
and TCP/IP became almost synonymous with the UNIX which was spread
throughout the many educational institutions around the US for a low cost.
Multi-user systems such as UNIX soon became the most popular method of
accessing the Internet.
Exercise 2.
a) How many stages can you find in the process of the Internet creation and
development?
b) Who created the Internet?
LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
Exercise 1. Summarize your knowledge on the Absolute Participial Construction.
Find the construction in the sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Computers using binary language represented by a single binary digit (1 or 0), one
of the earliest sections of the Internet was called Bitnet.
2. A high-speed network connection having been established between five
computing centres, they in turn made their facilities available to the local
universities.

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