Рубрика:
55
languages, i.e. by reducing (or even eliminating) lexical ambiguity and simplifying
complex sentence structures – which may itself enhance the comprehensibility of the
original texts. In this way, translation processes are closely linked to technical writing
and integrated in the whole documentation workflow, making possible further
savings in time and costs. At the same time as organizations have made effective use
of MT systems, human translators have been greatly assisted by computer-based
translation support tools, e.g. for terminology management, for creating in-house
dictionaries and glossaries, for indexing and concordances, for post-editing facilities,
and above all (since the end of the 1980s) for storing and searching databases of
previously translated texts (‘translation memories’). Most commonly these tools are
combined in translator workstations – which often incorporate full MT systems as
well. Indeed, the converse is now true: MT systems designed for large organizations
are including translation memories and other translation tools. As far as systems for
dissemination (publishable translations) are concerned the old distinctions between
human-assisted MT and computer-aided translation are being blurred, and in the near
future may be irrelevant. It is widely agreed that where translation has to be of
publishable quality, both human translation and MT have their roles. Machine
translation is demonstrably cost-effective for large scale and/or rapid translation of
technical documentation and software localization materials. In these and many other
situations, the costs of MT plus essential human preparation and revision or the costs
of using computerized translation tools (workstations, translation memories, etc.) are
significantly less than those of traditional human translation with no computer aids.
By contrast, the human translator is (and will remain) unrivalled for non-repetitive
linguistically sophisticated texts (e.g. in literature and law), and even for one-off texts
in highly specialized technical subjects. However, translation does not have to be
always of publishable quality. Speed and accessibility may be more important. From
the beginnings of MT, unrevised translations from MT systems have been found
useful for low-circulation technical reports, administrative memoranda, intelligence
activities, personal correspondence, indeed whenever a document is to be read by just
one or two people interested only in the essential message and unconcerned about
stylistic quality or even exact terminology. The range of options has expanded
significantly since the early 1990s, with the increasing use and rapid development of
personal computers and the Internet.
Notes:
dissemination - разбрасывание, рассеивание, распространение
ambiguity –неопределённость, неясность; двусмысленность
concordance – согласие; согласованность
Task 1. Find synonyms for the following adjectives:
Equal, useful, general, quick, rough, expensive, complex, significant, powerful,
real.
Task 2. Complete the phrases with say or tell as appropriate.
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