Иностранный язык. Мартемьянова Н.В - 36 стр.

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of bows and arrows helped to start cattle; breeding, and axes made it possible to go over to
farming. In primitive society there was no private property, therefore there were no classes
and no exploitation — that is, appropriation by the rich of the fruits of other men's labour.
Since there were no classes, there was no state system, that is no armed forces, no prisons, no
courts, no overseers, no government bodies.

II Consult the text and find the English equivalents of the following:
Первобытная община, первобытное общество, человеческое стадо, род, племя,
образовать племя, старейшины, орудия труда (металлические, бронзовые, железные,
каменные), дубинка, лук, топор, стрела, мотыга, управлять, заниматься (охотой,
рыбной ловлей, сельским хозяйством, разведением скота), выбирать, владеть,
обеспечивать, изобретать, заменять, еда, огонь, совместно, сообща.

III Sum up the contents of the text by answering the following questions.
1. What does the history of mankind begin with?
2. What led to the replacement of the human herd by the clan?
3. Who governed the clan?
4. What tools had the people?
5. What was their main occupation?
6. What was the structure of primitive society?

Reading and speaking
Thеге are some original American texts about American Indians.
Remember as many facts about their life as you can. You'll need the information in
your future work.

TEXT 2
I Read the text, entitle it and answer the question: What holiday do the people of North
Carolina celebrate during the 3rd week in September and why?
Indians were the first people to live in our country. That is why they are called Native
Americans. Because they were here before the white settlers, it is important to remember and
thank the Indians. Indians gave modern Americans many gifts and taught the settlers many
new ways of doing things. Each year in North Carolina ['kaeralaina], we celebrate Indian
Heritage Week during the third week in September.

Vocabulary:
gift — дар
Heritage — наследие

II Read the text, entitle it and see whether you can answer the following questions:
1. Did the Indians live in caves?
2. What materials did they use for their dwellings?
3. Could one find any pieces of furniture there?

Indians in North Carolina did not live in teepees. Most of the Indians in North Carolina lived
in small buildings 'made of wood and reeds. The frame of the house was made from wooden
poles that were tied together. The walls and roof were made from reed mats or sheets of tree
bark. Long tables or benches were usually the only furniture in their structures.

Vocabulary:
teepee = wigwam — дом, помещение