Texts and exercises on information science. Мартынов О.В. - 6 стр.

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11
Command
Just as you will run programmes to create and update files containing
your data, you will also need to run some special programmes, called
MS-DOS commands, that let you work with entire files.
When you type MS-DOS commands, you are asking the computer to
perform tasks. For example, when you use the diskcopy command to
copy your MS-DOS master disk, you are using a file named diskcopy.exe,
whose task is to copy the files on the MS-DOS disk.
Error messages
If you or your computer makes a mistake when using a device or
MS-DOS command, MS-DOS displays an appropriate error message.
Error messages apply to general errors (such as misspelling a command)
or to device errors (such as trying to use a printer that is out of paper).
Memory
Memory is the place in your computer where information is actively
used. When you run a programme, MS-DOS stores that programme and
the files it uses in the computer's available memory. Some programmes
and files use more memory than others, depending on how large and
complex they are.
Devices
Whenever you use your computer, you supply the information
(input) and expect a result (output). Your computer uses pieces of
hardware called devices to receive input and send output.
For example, when you type a command, your computer receives input
from your keyboard and disk drive, and usually sends output to your screen. It
can also receive input from a mouse, or send output to a printer. Some
devices, such as disk drives, perform both input and output.
Device Names
Device names are special names given to each device that your
computer "knows" about. An example of a device name is LPT1, which
stands for the first parallel lineprinter connected to your computer.
When you add a new device, such as a mouse, to your computer, you
sometimes need to tell MS-DOS about it by setting up (configuring)
your computer for that device.
12
ASSIGNMENT TO TEXT 5.
I. Read and translate the text.
II. Answer the questions to the above text
1. What is MS-DOS? 2. What do the programmes in the system
allow to do? 3. What is a programme? 4. What is a file? 5. What can files
contain? 6. What is a file name? 7. What are filename extensions for? 8.
What is a directory? 9. Why should we give a disk a volume label? 10.
What drives do you know? 11. What commands are for? 12. What is
memory used for? 13. What devices do you know?
III. Give English equivalents:
расширение, метка тома, программное обеспечение, загружать в
память, операционная система, дисковод, сообщение об ошибке,
имя файла, клавиатура, устройство, ввод информации, вывод
информации, cоздавать файл, выполнять программу, мышь.
IV. Match up:
operating ....................................... a task
disk ................................................. label
to manage...................................... contents
application .................................... disk
to perform .................................... system
to describe ..................................... programmes and data
volume ..........................................files
floppy .........................................programs
hard .......................................... computer
to update ..................................... programme
to run .......................................... drives
to configure ..................................disk drive
V. Pick out the right definition:
1. Operating system a) allows to communicate with
computer and other devices;
b) a table of contents for the disk;
c) is a disk copy command.
2. Device a) a disk drive;
b) a collection of related
information;
c) a piece of hardware.

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