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A. HOW ENGLISH NAMES BEGAN
Most names of people in the English-speaking world had the
beginning long ago in the British Isles.
About a thousand years ago there were very few people living in the
British Isles. Towns and villages were tiny? And in the country-side
the small number of people lived very far apart.
Because there were so few people, almost everyone had only one
name. A name such as John, David or Mary was all that was needed.
As time went on some way had to be discovered to distinguish one
John by name from another. The answer was eventually found by
adding a family name to the already existing first names.
When John’s son was made into one word “Johnson”, it was used as
a family name. There are many examples of “son’ names, such as
Davidson, Wilson, Peterson, Dickson, Williamson.
The Scottish “Mac” also meant “the son of” hence Macadam, “Son
of Adam”. The same can be said about the Irish “0” – O’Neil meant
“the son of Neil”
After the Norman Conquest it became common in England to use,
the Norman way of showing who a person’ father was: they added
“fitz” to make Fitzwilliam, Fitzpatric and so on.
B. FAMILY NAMES FROM OCCUPATIONS
Later still it became common to call a person according to his work.
Many family names first began when people were described as John
the Smith, John the Farmer, John the Miller, John the Baker or more
simply John Baker; Fisher Singer, are all occupational names. Some
other names of this kind are Barber, Cook, Thatcher and so on.
C.FAMILY NAMES FROM PLACES
One way to distinguish between one person and another was to say
where they lived. In this way places also became family names.
For example, John lived near the water, he was called “John at
water” or simply “John Atwater”. Another John who perhaps lived
by the brook could be described as “John Brook”, and John Fields
was not the same John as the one who lived by the bridge. Other
names of this kind are Hill, Rivers, Waters and so on.
In many towns and villages in Britain today you can see how many
of English family names began. Even the word “Town” is a well-
known family name, as well as “Hampton”, which means “village”.
D.FAMILY NAMES FROM NICKNAMES
Yet another way to distinguish between one “John” and another was
to give them descriptive nicknames. Nicknames are very personal.
They describe physical or other characteristics and served in the past
to distinguish one man; and then his family from another.
“Strong”, “Short” and “Long” are only a few of the many names
which came from nicknames.
Прочитайте шуточное стихотворение. Можете ли Вы ответить
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The more we learn, the more we know
The more we know, the more we forget
Прочтите следующие тексты и скажите, что интересного simply John Baker; Fisher Singer, are all occupational names. Some
вы из них узнали. other names of this kind are Barber, Cook, Thatcher and so on.
A. HOW ENGLISH NAMES BEGAN C.FAMILY NAMES FROM PLACES
Most names of people in the English-speaking world had the One way to distinguish between one person and another was to say
beginning long ago in the British Isles. where they lived. In this way places also became family names.
About a thousand years ago there were very few people living in the For example, John lived near the water, he was called “John at
British Isles. Towns and villages were tiny? And in the country-side water” or simply “John Atwater”. Another John who perhaps lived
the small number of people lived very far apart. by the brook could be described as “John Brook”, and John Fields
Because there were so few people, almost everyone had only one was not the same John as the one who lived by the bridge. Other
name. A name such as John, David or Mary was all that was needed. names of this kind are Hill, Rivers, Waters and so on.
As time went on some way had to be discovered to distinguish one In many towns and villages in Britain today you can see how many
John by name from another. The answer was eventually found by of English family names began. Even the word “Town” is a well-
adding a family name to the already existing first names. known family name, as well as “Hampton”, which means “village”.
When John’s son was made into one word “Johnson”, it was used as
a family name. There are many examples of “son’ names, such as D.FAMILY NAMES FROM NICKNAMES
Davidson, Wilson, Peterson, Dickson, Williamson.
The Scottish “Mac” also meant “the son of” hence Macadam, “Son Yet another way to distinguish between one “John” and another was
of Adam”. The same can be said about the Irish “0” – O’Neil meant to give them descriptive nicknames. Nicknames are very personal.
“the son of Neil” They describe physical or other characteristics and served in the past
After the Norman Conquest it became common in England to use, to distinguish one man; and then his family from another.
the Norman way of showing who a person’ father was: they added “Strong”, “Short” and “Long” are only a few of the many names
“fitz” to make Fitzwilliam, Fitzpatric and so on. which came from nicknames.
B. FAMILY NAMES FROM OCCUPATIONS Прочитайте шуточное стихотворение. Можете ли Вы ответить
на вопрос, поставленный в нем?
Later still it became common to call a person according to his work.
Many family names first began when people were described as John The more we learn, the more we know
the Smith, John the Farmer, John the Miller, John the Baker or more The more we know, the more we forget
