English Reader. Мишустина В.Д. - 52 стр.

    В придаточных предложениях условия и времени вместо Future Simple
употребляется Present Simple.

     - if individual investors benefit from changes …, they …;
     - when creditors learn about the bankruptcy of an enterprise, they …;
     - if the government begins issuing more money, …;
     - if prices rise next month, …;
     - if the country limits imports of foreign good, … .

     14.1.4 Просмотрите текст и найдите предложения со следующими словами
и словосочетаниями, попытайтесь перевести эти предложения без словаря:

     A business venture; to fix in advance; The most common currency options; a
currency "call" option; a "put" option; to sell Swiss francs; Exporters who earn
money; offsetting unwelcome price changes; In this way.

      Текст
      Anyone planning a trip abroad or a business venture in another country would
like to know what the foreign currency will be worth when the time comes to change
money. Unwelcome currency fluctuations could end up making a dinner in Paris or a
BMW import prohibitively expensive.
      Currency options allow individual investors, businesses, or merchants to benefit
from changes in the value of foreign currencies. By buying or selling currency
options, for example, it is possible to fix, in advance, exactly how many Swiss francs
or Japanese yen a U.S. dollar can buy at a certain time in the future.
      Just like other options, a currency option gives the holder the right, but not the
obligation, to buy or sell something at a fixed price, in this case currency. The most
common currency options are based on the U.S.-dollar price of Swiss francs, French
francs, German marks, British pounds, and Japanese yen.
      Like all investments in the international marketplace, currency options can be
used for speculation. Investors who believe that a currency will go up in value can
buy an option and earn big money if they are right. If a currency goes up in value,
the holder of an option to buy that currency, a currency "call" option, would
profit. When the German mark rises, for example, its dollar value goes up and the
holder of a German mark call option would benefit.
      Similarly, if a currency goes down, an option to sell it, a "put" option, would
become more valuable. A Swiss franc put option, for example, which gives the holder
the right to sell Swiss francs at a fixed price in the future, will be worth a lot if the
Swiss franc goes down in value on the international markets.
      Currency options can also be used as a hedge to guard against unwelcome
changes in foreign currency values. Exporters who earn money from all over the
world often need to know what their bottom line will be in their own currency. For
example, in order to prevent earnings from being hurt by currency fluctuations, a
German automobile exporter can buy currency options, offsetting unwelcome price
changes by fixing the mark's exchange rate at a certain time in the future. In this way,
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