Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 14 стр.

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Method of semantic differential
A word has not only one meaning and even one word
usually implies some additional information which differentiates
one word from another.
e. g. to like , to love , to adore , to warship.
All the words denote positive feelings, characteristic of a human
being. But each of them gives additional information on the so-
called strength of feeling. This is the connotational aspect which
was singled out by the semantic differential – the method which
was worked out by a group of American psycholinguists.
Their technique requires the subjects to judge – a series of
concepts with respect to a set of antonymic adjective
scale.
e. g. A horse can be:
good – bad
fast – slow
strong – weak
hard – soft
happy – sad
The meaning of the divisions is that each of the quality may
be gradated.
Representing extremely good, very good, neither good nor
bad, slightly bad, extremely bad and these grades can be marked
by a plus. And the horse may be very good, not bad, etc.
The revealed gradations showing some portion of quality
helps to singled out such words which are usually referred to as
neutral, expressive, archaic and new words proper – neologisms.
All the methods of analysis are applied in one and the same
sphere of investigation. If you are interested in meaning you
shouldn’t pay much attention to the structure, if you are
interested in collocation of words you shouldn’t pay much
attention what parts of words represent the distributional
structure. The combination of different methods of analysis
helps to classify the vocabulary as a whole and each lexical unit
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                                Method of semantic differential
                  A word has not only one meaning and even one word
            usually implies some additional information which differentiates
            one word from another.
                  e. g. to like , to love , to adore , to warship.
            All the words denote positive feelings, characteristic of a human
            being. But each of them gives additional information on the so-
            called strength of feeling. This is the connotational aspect which
            was singled out by the semantic differential – the method which
            was worked out by a group of American psycholinguists.
            Their technique requires the subjects to judge – a series of
            concepts with respect to a set of               antonymic adjective
            scale.
                  e. g. A horse can be:
                                    good – bad
                                    fast – slow
                                    strong – weak
                                    hard – soft
                                    happy – sad
                  The meaning of the divisions is that each of the quality may
            be gradated.
                  Representing extremely good, very good, neither good nor
            bad, slightly bad, extremely bad and these grades can be marked
            by a plus. And the horse may be very good, not bad, etc.
                  The revealed gradations showing some portion of quality
            helps to singled out such words which are usually referred to as
            neutral, expressive, archaic and new words proper – neologisms.
            All the methods of analysis are applied in one and the same
            sphere of investigation. If you are interested in meaning you
            shouldn’t pay much attention to the structure, if you are
            interested in collocation of words you shouldn’t pay much
            attention what parts of words represent the distributional
            structure. The combination of different methods of analysis
            helps to classify the vocabulary as a whole and each lexical unit


            14


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