Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 26 стр.

                                     Lecture 3
            Etymological Characteristics of Modern English Vocabulary

                 Plan.
                 I.     Words of native origin. Characteristics of words of
            native origin.
                 II. Causes and ways of borrowings.
                 III. Classification of borrowings.
                 IV. Etymological doublets.

                  I.     According to the origin the wordstock may be
            subdivided into two main sets. The elements of one are native, the
            elements of the other are borrowed.
                  A native word is a word which belongs to the original
            English stock, as known from the earliest available manuscripts of
            the Old English period.
                  The native words are further subdivided by diachronic
            linguistics into those of Indo-European stock and those of
            Common Germanic origin. The words having cognated in the
            vocabularies of different Indo-European languages form the
            oldest layer. It has been noticed that they readily fall into definite
            semantic groups. Among them we find terms of kinship: father,
            mother, son, daughter, brother; words naming the most important
            objects and phenomena of nature: sun, moon, star, wind, water,
            wood, hill, stone, tree; names of animals and birds: bull, cat,
            crow, goose, wolf; parts of the human body: arm, ear, eye, foot,
            heart, etc. some of the most frequent verbs are also of Indo-
            European common stock: bear, come, sit, stand and others. The
            adjectives of this group denote concrete physical properties: hard,
            quick, slow, red, white. Most numerals also belong here.
                  A much bigger part of this native vocabulary layer is formed
            by words of the Common Germanic stock, i.e. of words having
            parallels in German, Norwegian, Dutch, Icelandic, etc., but none
            in Russian or French. It contains a greater number of semantic
            groups. The following list may serve as an illustration of their
            general character. The nouns are: summer, winter, storm, rain,

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