Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 42 стр.

            word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either
            bound or free. It means that some morphemes are capable of
            forming words without adding other morphemes: that is they are
            homonymous to free forms. According to the role they play in
            constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and
            affixes. The latter are further subdivided, according to their
            position, into prefixes, suffixes and infixes, and according to their
            function and meaning, into derivational and functional affixes, the
            latter also called endings or outer formatives. When a derivational
            or functional affix is stripped from the word, what remains is a
            stem. The stem expresses the lexical and the part of speech
            meaning. For the word hearty and for paradigm heart-hearts the
            stem may be represented as heart-. This stem is a single
            morpheme, it contains nothing but the root, so it is a simple stem.
            It also a free stem because it is homonymous to the word heart.
                   A stem may also be defined as the part of the word that
            remains unchanged throughout the paradigm. The stem of the
            paradigm hearty-heartier- the heartiest is hearty-. It is a free
            stem, but as it consists of a root morpheme and an affix, it is not
            simple but derived. Thus, a stem containing one or more affixes is
            a derived stem. If after deducing the affix the remaining stem is
            not homonymous to a separate word of the same root, we call it
            bound stem. Thus, in the word cordial “proceeding as if from the
            heart”, the adjective-forming suffix can be separated on the
            analogy with such words as bronchial, radial, social. The
            remaining stem, however, cannot form a separate word by itself:
            it is bound. In cordially and cordiality, on the other hand, the
            stems are free.

                  II. A synchronic description of the English vocabulary deals
            with its present-day system and its patterns of word-formation by
            comparing words simultaneously existing in it.
                  If the analysis is limited to stating the number and type of
            morphemes that makeup the word, it is referred to as morphemic.
            For instance, the word girlishness may be analysed into three
            morphemes: the root -girl- and two suffixes – ish, and –ness. The

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