Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 43 стр.

            morphemic classification of words is as follows: one root
            morpheme – a root word (girl). One root morpheme plus one or
            more affixes – a derived word (girlish, girlishness), two or more
            stems – a compound word (girl-friend), two or more stems and a
            common affix – a compound derivative (old-maidish). The
            morphemic analysis establishes only the ultimate constituents that
            make up the word.
                  A structural word-formation analysis proceeds further; it
            studies the structural correlation with other words, the structural
            patterns or rules on which words are built.
                  This is done with the help of the principle of oppositions,
            i.e. by studying the partly similar elements, the differences
            between which are functionally relevant; in our case this
            difference is sufficient to create a new word. Girl and girlish are
            members of morphemic opposition. They are similar as the root
            morpheme -girl- is the same. Their distinctive feature is the suffix
            -ish. Due to this suffix the second member is a different word
            belonging to the different part of speech.
                  A correlation is a set of binary oppositions. It is composed
            of two subsets formed by the first and the second elements of
            each couple, i.e. opposition. Each element of the first set is
            coupled with exactly one element of the second set and vice
            versa. Each second element may be derived from the
            corresponding first element by a general rule valid for all
            members of the relation. Observing the proportional opposition:
            child/childish=woman/womanish=monkey/monkeyish=spinster/sp
            insterish=book/bookish
                  It is possible to conclude that there is in English a type of
            derived adjectives consisting of a noun stem and the suffix –ish.
            Observation also shows that the stems are mostly those of animate
            nouns, and permits us to define the relationship between the
            structural pattern of the word and its meaning. Any one word built
            according to this pattern contains a semantic component common
            to the whole group, namely: “typical of or having the bad
            qualities of”.



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