Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 48 стр.

                  2.     Origin of prefixes:
                  a) native (Germanic), such as: un-, over-, under- etc;
                  b) Romanic, such as : in-, de-, ex-, re- etc;
                  c) Greek, such as : sym-, hyper- etc.
                  When we analyze such words as: adverb, accompany where
            we can find the root of the word (verb, company) we may treat
            ad-, ac- as prefixes though they were never used as prefixes to
            form new words in English and were borrowed from Romanic
            languages together with words. In such cases we can treat them as
            derived words. But some scientists treat them as simple words.
            Another group of words with a disputable structure are such as:
            contain, retain, detain and conceive, receive, deceive where we
            can see that re-, de-, con- act as prefixes and -tain, -ceive can be
            understood as roots. But in English these combinations of sounds
            have no lexical meaning and are called pseudo-morphemes. Some
            scientists treat such words as simple words, others as derived ones.
                  There are some prefixes which can be treated as root
            morphemes by some scientists, e.g. after- in the word afternoon.
            American lexicographers working on Webster dictionaries treat
            such words as compound words. British lexicographers treat such
            words as derived ones.

                   COMPOSITION
                   Composition is the way of wordbuilding when a word is
            formed by joining two or more stems to form one word. The
            structural unity of a compound word depends upon : a) the unity
            of stress, b) solid or hyphenated - spelling, c) semantic unity, d)
            unity of morphological and syntactical functioning. These are
            characteristic features of compound words in all languages. For
            English compounds some of these factors are not very reliable. As
            a rule English compounds have one uniting stress (usually on the
            first component), e.g. hardcover, best-seller. We can also have a
            double stress in an English compound, with the main stress on the
            first component and with a secondary stress on the second
            component, e.g. blood-vessel. The third pattern of stresses is two
            level stresses, e.g. snow-white,sky-blue. The third pattern is
            easily mixed up with word-groups unless they have solid or
            hyphenated spelling.

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