Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 60 стр.

            are synonyms but not equally appropriate for our purpose. The fist
            term is preferable because it is less ambiguous. The term
            “semantics” on the other hand, is used to cover several different
            meanings. It is also used to denote the phenomena studied, i.e. the
            meaning of words and phrases. Had this been all, it might have
            been tolerated, because the same double purpose is served by the
            terms “phonetics” and “grammar”. In the case of “semantics”,
            however, there are other meanings, not sufficiently divorced from
            linguistics and apt to create confusion. “Academic semantics”,
            also called “pure semantics”, is a branch of symbolic or
            mathematic logic originated by R. Carnap. It aims at the building
            of an abstract theory of relationships between signs and their
            referents (things meant). It is a part of semiotics – the study of
            signs and languages in general, including all sorts of codes, such
            as military signals, traffic signals, etc. unlike linguistic semantics
            which deals with real languages, pure semantic has its subject
            formalized language. For a long time it was banned as idealistic
            and too abstract to be made use of by linguists. Recently,
            however, many scholars show a different attitude and appear to be
            deeply interested in the possibilities offered by some
            mathematical methods applied to linguistics, especially in the
            field of machine translation and information retrieval.

                  II. An exact definition of any basic term is no easy task
            altogether. In the case of lexical meaning it becomes especially
            difficult due to the complexity of the process by which language
            and human conscience serve to reflect outward reality and to
            adapt it to human needs.
                  The definition of lexical meaning has been attempted more
            than once in accordance with the main principles of different
            linguistic schools. The disciples of F. de Saussure consider
            meaning to be the relation between the object or notion named,
            and the name itself. Descriptive linguistics of Bloomfieldian trend
            defines the meaning as the situation in which the word is uttered.
            Both ways of approach afford no possibility of a further
            investigation of semantic problems in strictly linguistic terms, and

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