Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 61 стр.

            therefore, if taken as a basis for general linguistic theory, give no
            insight into the mechanism of meaning. Some of Bloomfield’s
            successors went so far as to exclude semasiology from linguistics
            on the ground that meaning could not be studied objectively, and
            was not part of language but an aspect of the use to which
            language is put. This point of view was never generally accepted.
            The more general opinion is well revealed in R. Jakobson’s pun.
            He said: “Linguistics without meaning is meaningless”.
            In our country definitions given by the majority of authors,
            however different in detail, agree in one basic principle: they all
            point out that the lexical meaning is the realization of the notion
            by means of a definite language system. It has also been
            repeatedly stated that the plane of content in speech reflects the
            whole of human consciousness, which comprises not only mental
            activity but emotions as well.
                  The notional content of a word is expressed by the
            denotative meaning (also referential or extensional meaning)
            which may be of two types, according to whether the word’s
            function is significative or identifying (demonstrative). To denote,
            then, is to serve as linguistic expression for a notion or as a name
            for an actually existing object referred to by a word. The term
            denotatum (pl. denotata) or referent means either a notion or an
            actually content of the word is its capacity to evoke or directly
            express emotion. It is rendered by the emotional or expressive
            counterpart of meaning, also called emotive charge, intentional or
            affective connotations of words.
                  The denotative meaning may be of two types according to
            whether the word function is significative and evokes a general
            idea, or demonstrative, i.e. identifying.
                  To find the words in their significative meaning it is best to
            turn to aphorisms and other sayings expressing general ideas.
            Thus A good laugh is sunshine in the house (THACKERAY) or A
            man cannot be too careful in the choice of his enemies (WILDE)
            contain words in their significative meanings. The second type
            (demonstrative meaning) is revealed when it is the individual
            elements of reality that the word serves to name. Some large blue

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