Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 8 стр.

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Differences in the lexical meaning of correlated words
account for the differences of their collocability in different
languages.
e.g. Thus, the English adjective “new” and the Russian
adjective”новый” when taken in isolation are felt as correlated
words: a new dress, New Year. In collocation with other
nouns however the Russian adjective cannot be used in the
same meaning in which the English word “new” is currently
used: new potatoes, new bread, etc.
Contrastive analysis on the level of the grammatical
meaning reveals that co-related words in different languages
may differ in grammatical characteristics.
e. g. Russians are liable to say “news are good, the money
are on the table, her hair are black” because the Russian words
“новости, деньги, волосы ” have the grammatical meaning of
plurality.
Contrastive analysis brings to light the essence of what is
usually described as idiomatic English, idiomatic Russian, i. e.
the peculiar way in which every language combines and
structures in lexical units various concepts to denote extra-
linguistic reality.
e. g. A typical Russian word-group used to describe the
way somebody performs an action or to state how a person
finds himself has the structure that may be represented by the
formula “adjective + a finite form of a verb”(он крепко спит,
быстро усваивает). In English we can also use structurally
similar word-groups and say “he learns fast/slowly”. The
structure of idiomatic word-group in English is different. The
structure is “adjective + deverbal noun”. It is really in English
to say “he is a heavy smoker, poor learner, early riser”.
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                  Differences in the lexical meaning of correlated words
            account for the differences of their collocability in different
            languages.
                  e.g. Thus, the English adjective “new” and the Russian
            adjective”новый” when taken in isolation are felt as correlated
            words: a new dress, New Year. In collocation with other
            nouns however the Russian adjective cannot be used in the
            same meaning in which the English word “new” is currently
            used: new potatoes, new bread, etc.
                  Contrastive analysis on the level of the grammatical
            meaning reveals that co-related words in different languages
            may differ in grammatical characteristics.
                  e. g. Russians are liable to say “news are good, the money
            are on the table, her hair are black” because the Russian words
            “новости, деньги, волосы ” have the grammatical meaning of
            plurality.
                  Contrastive analysis brings to light the essence of what is
            usually described as idiomatic English, idiomatic Russian, i. e.
            the peculiar way in which every language combines and
            structures in lexical units various concepts to denote extra-
            linguistic reality.
                  e. g. A typical Russian word-group used to describe the
            way somebody         performs an action or to state how a person
            finds himself has the structure that may be represented by the
            formula “adjective + a finite form of a verb”(он крепко спит,
            быстро усваивает). In English we can also use structurally
            similar word-groups and say “he learns fast/slowly”. The
            structure of idiomatic word-group in English is different. The
            structure is “adjective + deverbal noun”. It is really in English
            to say “he is a heavy smoker, poor learner, early riser”.




            8


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