Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 6 стр.

            * Another stage of scientific investigation after observation
            is classification of those facts which were obtained through
            observation.
                  e. g. It is observed that in English nouns the suffixal
            morpheme “-er” is added to verbal stems (to cook – cooker, to
            write – writer) and noun stems (village – villager, London –
            Londoner). The same suffix also occurs in the words such as
            mother, father. The question is whether the words “mother, father
            “ have suffix. They haven’t, thus we can come to the conclusion
            that “-er” can be found in derived and non- derived words .

             * The following stage is usually that of generalization, that is, the
            collection of data and their classification must eventually lead
            to the formulation of a hypotheses, rule, or law .
                e. g. In the case with “-er” we can formulate the rule that
            derived words in “-er” may have either verbal or noun stems. The
            suffix “- er” in combination with adjectival or adverbial stems
            can’t produce nouns (bigger, longer, shorter are not nouns).

             * Any linguistic generalization is to be followed by the very fine
            process – the linguist is required to seek verification of the
            generalizations that are the result of his inquires. For these aims
            different methods and procedures are used. They are: contrastive
            analyses, statistical methods of analyses, immediate constituents
            analyses, distributional analyses, transformational analyses,
            componential analyses and method of semantic differentiation .

                  Contrastive analysis .
                  Contrastive linguists attempt to find out similarities and
            differences in both related and non-related languages.
            Contrastive analysis grew as the result of the practical demands
            of a language-teaching methodology, where it was empirically
            shown that the errors which are made by foreign language
            students can be often traced back to the differences in structure
            between the target language and the language of the learner. This
            naturally implies the necessity of a detailed comparison of the

            6


PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com