Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 5 стр.

                  III. There are two principle approaches in linguistic science
            to the study of language material: synchronic and diachronic.
            With regard to Special lexicology the synchronic approach is
            concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a
            given time. It’s Special Descriptive lexicology that deals with the
            vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a
            certain time.
                  The diachronic approach in terms of Special lexicology
            deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in
            the course of time. It is Special Historical lexicology that
            deals with the evaluation of the vocabulary units of a
            language as the time goes by.
                  The two approaches shouldn’t be set one against the other.
            In fact, they are interconnected and interrelated because every
            linguistic structure and system exists in a state of constant
            development so that the synchronic state of a language system
            is a result of a long process of linguistic evaluation, of its
            historical development. Closely connected with the Historical
            lexicology is Contrastive and Comparative lexicology whose
            aims are to study the correlation between the vocabularies of
            two or more languages and find out the correspondences
            between the vocabulary units of the languages under
            comparison.

                  IV. The science is said to be formed when it has at its
            disposal certain methods of investigation. The process of
            scientific investigation may be subdivided into several stages:

            * Observation is an early and basic phase of all modern
            scientific investigations including linguistics and is the center of
            what is called “the inductive method of inquiry “. The cardinal
            role of all inductive procedures is that the statements of fact
            must be based on observation not on unsupported authority,
            logical conclusions or personal preferences.




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