О России на русском. Начёрная С.В - 31 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

ТГТУ | Тамбов

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

типография – printing house
сосна – pine (tree)
уходить на фронт – to leave for front
указ – decree, ukase
живописец – painter
крепость ж.р. – fortress
сливаться I – to join
кочевник – nomad
герб – emblem
лазоревый – azure
фон – background
улей – hive
пчела – bee
книголюб – booklover
средства – means
бортничество – honey-making
труженик – worker
губерния – province
губернатор – governor
экспонат – exhibit
подлинный – original
мостить II – to pave
Вопросы к тексту:
1. Когда был основан город Тамбов?
2. Что представляет собой герб Тамбова?
3. Чем знаменательны 1786 – 1788 годы в истории города?
4. Какую роль сыграл город Тамбов в годы Великой Отечественной войны советского народа против фашистской Гер-
мании?
5. Каким стал город Тамбов сегодня?
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
DAYS OF SLAVONIC WRITING AND CULTURE
On the 24
th
may, 1992 the Day of Slavonic written language and culture was celebrated in Russia for the first time. That day the monument to
Kirill and Mephodiy was opened on the Slavyan square. An inextinguishable icon-lamp, a sign of everlasting memory was placed at the foot of the
monument. How could they deserve honour like that?
Brothers Kirill and Mephodiy were born in Solun (now Soloniki), a Macedonian town. Kirill (he is also named as Konstantin) studied Theol-
ogy and taught Philosophy. That is why he was called a philosopher, in Russian – a sage.
There was no written language in russ up to the tenth century. After Christianity had been adopted the Slavs began to use Latin and Greek let-
ters, but these letters could not transform all the peculiarities of the Russian speech. Kirill and Mephodiy composed a slavonic alphabet to help the
Slavs to read the Bible and gospel. There were 38 letters in the alphabet. Some of them were taken from the Greek alphabet and another part was
especially thought of for the sounds of the Slavonic speech.
That is how Slavonic people got their written language which is called «Cyrillic alphabet» – to memorize the name of his creator.
ST. BASIL’S CATHEDRAL (VASILY BLAZHENNY)
The main adornment of the Red Square is St. Basil’s Cathedral.
It is a gem of Russian architecture of XVI century. In those days it was accepted to build temples in memory of outstanding events. In 1552
Ivan the terrible conquered the Golden Horde in the environs of Kazan. It was important historical event. And the Tsar ordered to build the Cathe-
dral, near the Kremlin, in the heart of Moscow.
History has kept a lot of legends about Pokrov cathedral. This is one of them.
According to the legend, there were two architects Postnik and Barma who built this Cathedral. By 1561 this temple had been built. It became
the adornment of Moscow. The Tsar was admired by beauty and magnificence of this cathedral. And then he asked the architects: «Could you build
the better temple?». And they answered: «Yes, we can. Order, Your Majesty!» After that, Ivan the Terrible ordered to blind them, because he did not
want them to create another temple on the earth much better than that.
Postnik and Barma are not the names of those architects, but their nicknames. The first of them is a craftsman from Pskov Ivan Yakovlev,
whose name-day is in the days of fasting. Barma means «industrious bee», there is nothing known about them.
ANDREI RUBLYOV
(1360 – 1427)
Russian painting began with an icon. «Icon» means «image». But it is an unusual image, it is a visible image of the invisible world. And the
icon painters, themselves, are particular people. Most of them were monks (they devoted their whole life to serving to God).
According to the custom, the icon painter had to clean his body and thoughts and only then he had the right to paint Saint’s image. People al-
ways handled icons very carefully. Usually in Russian houses icons are not hung on nails, they are placed on a special little shelf, icon corner (the
central corner of the room). As a rule, an icon painter did not leave his name on the icon, that is why we know their names very few.
One of the most famous icon painters is Andrei Rublev, created at the end of XIV, beginning of XV centuries. His world-famous icon «The
Trinity» is kept in the Tretyakhov Gallery in Moscow.
Andrei Rublev tried to give people sense of calm and internal harmony, that people always had not had the Earth.
In 1988 when the 1000 years date of Russia Christening was celebrated, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized Andrei Rublev. He is the first
painter, who was canonized by the Chrystian Church.

Страницы