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Theodore Roosevelt displayed here were both painted about 1910. 11. I have information
based upon my personal knowledge. 12. When asked why he was so terrified of bridges
and tunnels she said there was no logical reason. 13. All energy on the earth is the
transformed heat of the sun. 14. When immersed in water, the cloth shrinks.
Ex. 9. You know the following words mainly as prepositions. Nevertheless they can
be also used as conjunctions. So, the word before can be translated as перед (до);
прежде чем. The word after can be translated as после; после того как. Translate
the sentences into Russian paying attention to different meanings of before and after.
1. He came here before 10.30. 2. Before you sit down, can you pass me the salt?
3. Think carefully before you answer my question. 4. I must go to bed - it’s after midnight.
5. They came in, one after the other. 6. After the rain came, the grass started to grow.
7. Call me after you get home. 8. I found your coat after you had left the house. 9. We
want to buy this computer now, before prices go up.
Ex. 10. Agree/disagree with the following statements using cliches given below:
I agree with this statement; I’m afraid I can’t agree with this because... I am not
sure that this statement is right... It depends...
Translate your sentences into Russian.
1. The first mechanical computer was designed in France by Charles Babbage. 2. Blaise
Pascal was a teacher. 3. Pascal’s calculator used a series of numbered wheels for
calculating. 4. The first universal automatic calculator was designed in about 1772.
5. This device used punched cards to control the programme. 6. Pehr Schuetz in Sweden
designed a machine capable of printing its own tables. 7. First digital computers were
purely electronic. 8. The first electronic computer was produced at Harvard University.
9. This computer used tubes and was very large in size. 10. From the middle 1940s, a
series of computers were being built, each using more and more sophisticated techniques.
Ex. 11. Answer the following questions to the text. Retell the text using your
answers.
1. What did Blaise Pascal design in 1642? 2. What was that device like? 3. Was that
device capable of multiplying and dividing? 4. When did Gothfried Leibnitz invent his
device? 5. What was the Leibnitz wheel like? 6. Who designed the first automatic
calculator and when was it? 7. Did this calculator used punched cards? 8. What did the
first automatic calculator contain? 9. What was the difference between the Babbage’s
calculator and the device invented by Pehr Shuetz? 10. What was the Hollerith’s
calculating machine used for? 11. Who invented the computer capable of solving
differential equations? 12. Were first electronic digital computers purely electronic
devices? 13. When was the first purely electronic computer designed and produced?
14 What was it like? 15. What computers were built from the middle 1940s?
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