Английский язык. Никитина С.Я. - 44 стр.

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44
other items of performance. The depot is supplied with the necessary manuals,
drawings and spare parts which facilitate the organization of the trial runs and
servicing.
Besides the inspection procedure additional tests of various equipment are
carried out, mainly for future improvements of locomotive design.
T
EXT IV
Read the text and translate it with a dictionary. Do it in written form. Use
the terminological dictionary provided at the end of the present manual.
N
EW ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS TO DIESEL TRACTION
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Strict rules require diesel engines to meet clean air targets and force North
American Railroads and their suppliers to seek fresh ways of cutting pollutants from
diesel exhausts. It has been found out that such techniques as the use of low-sulphur
fuel or electronic fuel injection and low-temperature after-cooling help meet more strict
emission standards.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed new standards, and
railroads and their motive power suppliers begin to develop new diesel engine
technologies or alternative fuel sources that will be needed.
These emission standards have been used since 1977, when EPA began to study
emissions of air pollutants from railroad power plants. Oxide of nitrogen,
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulphur are principal air pollutants from
diesel engines.
In developing the new emission standards, EPA engineers have worked in close
cooperation with both the railroads, through the Association of American Railroads
(AAR), and the locomotive builders, through an Association of Engine Manufacturers.
The principal US diesel locomotive manufacturers are already on the way
towards developing technologies that ensure their engines comply with the new
standards. Among the most promising techniques one can mention: retardation of fuel
injection, low temperature after-cooling, electronic fuel injection, alternative fuels and
some others.
T
EXT V
Read the text and translate it with a dictionary. Do it in written form. Use
the terminological dictionary provided at the end of the present manual.
A
LTERNATIVE FUELS FOR LOCOMOTIVES
One of the alternative fuels which most probably will find its use in the nearest
future is liquefied natural gas (LNG). The principal locomotive builders and several
railroads in the USA have begun LNG research and development programs. In addition

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