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8. Scan the text and find the sentences containing the words in capitals. The ability to choose the correct
meaning of a word in a particular context is an important vocabulary skill which help you to understand and use
correctly words you already know, and also to use a dictionary effectively. Paragraph number is given in brack-
ets.
E.g. TO ASSESS
a. to calculate what something costs or is worth;
b. to consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgement.
Answer: 2
1. REVIEW (1):
a) the process of studying or examining a situation, policy, or idea again in order to decide whether it is suitable
or satisfactory;
b) an article in which someone gives their opinion of a play, book, art exhibition etc.;
c) a discussion of a particular subject that prepares you for a test.
2. TO REFINE (2):
a) to make some changes to something in order to improve it;
b) to remove things from a natural substance in order to make it pure.
3. TO HIGHLIGHT (2):
a) to report or describe something in a way that makes people notice it and think about it;
b) to make something easier to see;
c) to make parts of your hair a lighter colour by putting a chemical substance on them.
4. TO OVERLOOK (2):
a) to fail to notice or do something;
b) to choose to ignore a mistake, fault etc.;
c) to have a view of something from above.
5. TO APPROVE (3):
a) to have a positive feeling towards someone or something that you consider to be good or suitable;
b) to give official agreement or permission to something.
6. INDEX (6):
a) an alphabetical list of something such as subjects or names at the back of a book, that shows on which page
they are mentioned;
b) a number that shows the price, value, or level of something compared with something else.
7. TO CONTRADICT (8):
a) to say that the opposite of what someone has said is true;
b) if one statement, piece of evidence, story etc contradicts another, they disagree and cannot both be true.
9. Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 8.
1. The Dow Jones __________ fell another 50 points yesterday.
2. Our results ___________ the potential of adapting natural biomineralization processes to problems in materials
sciences.
3. Her account of the accident ___________ that of the other driver.
4. Our agent will ___________ the value of your property.
5. The committee has agreed to undertake a __________ of the way in which public funds are being used.
6. By exploring and __________ paradigms of research, we are determining the background assumptions on
which the search for the truth about language will proceed with increased understanding.
7. This old result is frequently _____________in recent publications.
8. The test provides parents with a reliable __________ of their child's progress.
9. We tried to ___________ his suitability for the job.
10. This year's budget package has been formally _____________ by parliament.
11. Prof. Flinberg delayed publicizing his unusual results until the study passed peer __________.
12. His findings ______________ the hypothesis.
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
QUOTATIONS AND REFERENCING
Direct quotations and references to authors’ writings are often included in research reports, dissertations and the-
ses. They are included to show that you have read around the subject and are aware of what has been written about it.
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