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Answer the following questions:
1. Who did Charles Babbage owe his excellent knowledge of
maths to?
2. Why did he stand out of his contemporaries?
3. When did the idea of a computing machine first come to
Charles Babbage?
4. How did the Royal Society react to demonstration of a small
working model of a computing machine developed by
Charles Babbage?
5. Why did Charles Babbage die a disappointed man?
Text 4
1. If you like looking at places and people, travel by bus. Buses
do not go very fast in the centre of London because there is al-
ways much traffic but it does not matter if you are on holiday.
2. Normal London buses are red and are double-deckers. They
have a driver and a conductor.
3. There are sorts of bus stop: compulsory and request. A com-
pulsory bus-stop sign means that all the buses on the notice stop
here. A request bus-stop sign means that a bus only stops here if
someone wants to get on or off. The request bus-stop sign is red.
If you want to catch a bus at a request stop, put your hand out.
4. To find out where a bus is going, look at the sign on the
front, the side or the back of the bus. You will find a full list of
the places on the bus route on a notice at the bus stop.
5. When you have got on the bus the conductor says: “Fares,
please!” You say where you want to go; he tells you how much
to pay; you pay him and he gives you a ticket.
6. There are other sorts of buses in London, too. The red single-
decker buses are called Red Arrows. They have a driver but no
conductor. You pay the same price for a short journey as for a
long journey.
7. The green buses are called Green Line. These buses cross
London but they do not stop very often. They are mainly for
people who live a little way out of London and who travel in
and out.
Notes:
1) route – маршрут;
2) fare – плата за проезд.
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do buses move so slowly about the centre of London?
2. What kind of buses run about London?
3. How much does one pay on London buses?
4. What is Green Line?
5. Which bus route in London has no conductors?
Text 5
Gypsies
1. Around the year 1000 AD, some people from north-west
India began to travel westwards – nobody knows why. After
leaving their homes, they did not settle down again, but spent
their lives moving from one place to another.
2. Their descendants are called the Romany people, or Gyp-
sies. There are Gypsies all over the world, and many of them are
still travelling, with no fixed homes. There are about eight mil-
lion of them, including three million in eastern Europe.
3. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where
they travel. Because they are different, people may be afraid of
them, look down on them, or think that they are criminals. The
Nazis persecuted the Gypsies, like the Jews, and nobody knows
how many of them died in Hitler’s death camps.
4. Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like mu-
sic and dancing, and they often work in fairs and circuses. Trav-
Answer the following questions: 7. The green buses are called Green Line. These buses cross
1. Who did Charles Babbage owe his excellent knowledge of London but they do not stop very often. They are mainly for
maths to? people who live a little way out of London and who travel in
2. Why did he stand out of his contemporaries? and out.
3. When did the idea of a computing machine first come to
Charles Babbage? Notes:
4. How did the Royal Society react to demonstration of a small 1) route – маршрут;
working model of a computing machine developed by 2) fare – плата за проезд.
Charles Babbage?
5. Why did Charles Babbage die a disappointed man? Answer the following questions:
1. Why do buses move so slowly about the centre of London?
Text 4 2. What kind of buses run about London?
3. How much does one pay on London buses?
1. If you like looking at places and people, travel by bus. Buses 4. What is Green Line?
do not go very fast in the centre of London because there is al- 5. Which bus route in London has no conductors?
ways much traffic but it does not matter if you are on holiday.
2. Normal London buses are red and are double-deckers. They Text 5
have a driver and a conductor. Gypsies
3. There are sorts of bus stop: compulsory and request. A com-
pulsory bus-stop sign means that all the buses on the notice stop 1. Around the year 1000 AD, some people from north-west
here. A request bus-stop sign means that a bus only stops here if India began to travel westwards – nobody knows why. After
someone wants to get on or off. The request bus-stop sign is red. leaving their homes, they did not settle down again, but spent
If you want to catch a bus at a request stop, put your hand out. their lives moving from one place to another.
4. To find out where a bus is going, look at the sign on the 2. Their descendants are called the Romany people, or Gyp-
front, the side or the back of the bus. You will find a full list of sies. There are Gypsies all over the world, and many of them are
the places on the bus route on a notice at the bus stop. still travelling, with no fixed homes. There are about eight mil-
5. When you have got on the bus the conductor says: “Fares, lion of them, including three million in eastern Europe.
please!” You say where you want to go; he tells you how much 3. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where
to pay; you pay him and he gives you a ticket. they travel. Because they are different, people may be afraid of
6. There are other sorts of buses in London, too. The red single- them, look down on them, or think that they are criminals. The
decker buses are called Red Arrows. They have a driver but no Nazis persecuted the Gypsies, like the Jews, and nobody knows
conductor. You pay the same price for a short journey as for a how many of them died in Hitler’s death camps.
long journey. 4. Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like mu-
sic and dancing, and they often work in fairs and circuses. Trav-
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