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that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of
the brain does.
4. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the
amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and bi-
ologists have found that the way the brain works is far more
complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe
that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how
the human brains works. The more scientists find out, the more
questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have
found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the
brain every second.
Notes:
1) mental activity – умственная деятельность;
2) mind – (зд.) разум, умственные способности.
Answer the following questions:
1. What part of the human body needs further investigation?
2. What did ancient people think of brain?
3. Why did scientists think that each part of the brain con-
trolled different activity?
4. What has been found by chemists and biologists during the
last 50 years?
5. Why do many people believe that there is much to learn
about the way the human brain works?
Text 3
1. The first suggestion that a machine for mathematical compu-
tation could be built was made more than a hundred years ago
by the mathematician Charles Babbage. We now realize that he
understood clearly all the fundamental principles of modern
computers.
2. Babbage was born in Devonshire, England, 1792. He didn’t
receive a good education but he taught himself mathematics so
well that when he went to Cambridge, he found that he knew
more algebra than his tutor.
3. At that time mathematics at Cambridge was still under the
influence of Newton and was quite unaffected by the contempo-
rary developments on the continent.
4. Charles Babbage was outstanding among his contemporaries
because he insisted on the practical application of science and
mathematics. For example, he wrote widely on the economic
advantages of mass production and on the development of ma-
chine-tools.
5. In 1812 he was sitting in his room looking at a table of loga-
rithms which he knew to be full of mistakes, when an idea oc-
curred to him of computing all tabular (табличный) functions
by machinery. Babbage constructed a small working model
which he demonstrated in 1822.
6. The Royal Society supported the project and Babbage was
promised a subsidy.
7. In 1833 he began to think of building a machine which was
in fact the first universal digital (цифровой) computer, as the
expression is understand today.
8. Babbage devoted the rest of his life to an attempt to develop
it. He had to finance all the work himself and he was only able
to finish part of the machine though he prepared thousands of
detailed drawings from which it could be made.
9. Babbage wrote more than 80 books and papers, but he was
misunderstood by his contemporaries and died a disappointed
man in 1871.
Notes:
1) tutor – преподаватель;
2) contemporaries – современники;
3) advantage – преимущество.
that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of 2. Babbage was born in Devonshire, England, 1792. He didn’t
the brain does. receive a good education but he taught himself mathematics so
4. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the well that when he went to Cambridge, he found that he knew
amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and bi- more algebra than his tutor.
ologists have found that the way the brain works is far more 3. At that time mathematics at Cambridge was still under the
complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe influence of Newton and was quite unaffected by the contempo-
that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how rary developments on the continent.
the human brains works. The more scientists find out, the more 4. Charles Babbage was outstanding among his contemporaries
questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have because he insisted on the practical application of science and
found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the mathematics. For example, he wrote widely on the economic
brain every second. advantages of mass production and on the development of ma-
chine-tools.
Notes: 5. In 1812 he was sitting in his room looking at a table of loga-
1) mental activity – умственная деятельность; rithms which he knew to be full of mistakes, when an idea oc-
2) mind – (зд.) разум, умственные способности. curred to him of computing all tabular (табличный) functions
by machinery. Babbage constructed a small working model
Answer the following questions: which he demonstrated in 1822.
1. What part of the human body needs further investigation? 6. The Royal Society supported the project and Babbage was
2. What did ancient people think of brain? promised a subsidy.
3. Why did scientists think that each part of the brain con- 7. In 1833 he began to think of building a machine which was
trolled different activity? in fact the first universal digital (цифровой) computer, as the
4. What has been found by chemists and biologists during the expression is understand today.
last 50 years? 8. Babbage devoted the rest of his life to an attempt to develop
5. Why do many people believe that there is much to learn it. He had to finance all the work himself and he was only able
about the way the human brain works? to finish part of the machine though he prepared thousands of
detailed drawings from which it could be made.
Text 3 9. Babbage wrote more than 80 books and papers, but he was
misunderstood by his contemporaries and died a disappointed
1. The first suggestion that a machine for mathematical compu- man in 1871.
tation could be built was made more than a hundred years ago
by the mathematician Charles Babbage. We now realize that he Notes:
understood clearly all the fundamental principles of modern 1) tutor – преподаватель;
computers. 2) contemporaries – современники;
3) advantage – преимущество.
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