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Тексты для дополнительного чтения
Раздел А.
Прочитайте следующие тексты, чтобы ответить на во-
просы, поставленные к каждому из них.
Text 1
Man and His Environment
1. Throughout history man has changed his physical environ-
ment in order to improve his way of life.
2. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical
features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and
prairies into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of
rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man
has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes
and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
3. However, man’s changes to the physical environment have
not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air
and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.
Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the ex-
hausts of motor vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the
air of the industrialised areas and the surrounding areas of
the countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly
unhealthy.
4. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollu-
tion from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers
of algae, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the
sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. In-
dustrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
5. The end result is that ecologists believe it is now necessary
for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive
on earth.
Notes:
1) be equally harmful – являться в разной степени вредным;
2) enormous numbers of algae – огромное количество
водорослей;
3) to survive – выжить.
Answer the following questions:
1. What has man done to improve his way of life?
2. In what way did he modify the face of the earth?
3. Why have man’s changes to the physical environment
caused undesirable effects?
4. What does the pollution of water result in?
5. What is necessary to do for man, according to ecologists, in
order to survive on earth?
Text 2
The Brain
1. Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and
complex part of his body – the brain.
2. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the
centre of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient
Greece, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was un-
til the 18
th
century that man realized that the whole of the brain
was involved in the workings of the mind.
3. During the 19
th
century scientists found that when certain
parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do cer-
tain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain
controlled the different activity. But modern research has found
5. The end result is that ecologists believe it is now necessary
for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive
Тексты для дополнительного чтения on earth.
Раздел А. Notes:
Прочитайте следующие тексты, чтобы ответить на во- 1) be equally harmful – являться в разной степени вредным;
просы, поставленные к каждому из них. 2) enormous numbers of algae – огромное количество
водорослей;
Text 1 3) to survive – выжить.
Man and His Environment
Answer the following questions:
1. What has man done to improve his way of life?
1. Throughout history man has changed his physical environ-
2. In what way did he modify the face of the earth?
ment in order to improve his way of life.
3. Why have man’s changes to the physical environment
2. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical
caused undesirable effects?
features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and
4. What does the pollution of water result in?
prairies into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of
5. What is necessary to do for man, according to ecologists, in
rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man
order to survive on earth?
has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes
and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
3. However, man’s changes to the physical environment have
not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air Text 2
and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. The Brain
Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the ex-
hausts of motor vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the 1. Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and
air of the industrialised areas and the surrounding areas of complex part of his body – the brain.
the countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly 2. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the
unhealthy. centre of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient
4. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollu- Greece, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was un-
tion from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers til the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain
of algae, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the was involved in the workings of the mind.
sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. In- 3. During the 19th century scientists found that when certain
dustrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do cer-
tain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain
controlled the different activity. But modern research has found
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