Квантовые вычисления. Ожигов Ю.С. - 42 стр.

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Составители: 

b
i+1
= b
i
(1
2
N
)
2
+ 2a
i
(1
1
N
)(1
2
N
) + 4α
i
(1
1
N
)
2
2β
i
(1
2
N
)(1
1
N
);
a
i+1
= a
i
(1
2
N
)
2
b
i
2
N
(1
2
N
) + 2α
i
(1
2
N
)(1
1
N
) + 2β
i
2
N
(1
1
N
);
α
i+1
= α
i
(1
2
N
)
2
+ β
i
2
N
(1
2
N
) a
i
(1
2
N
)
2
N
+ b
i
4
N
2
;
β
i+1
= 2α
i
(1
1
N
)(1
2
N
) β
i
(1
2
N
)
2
b
i
(1
2
N
)
2
N
2a
i
(1
1
N
)
2
N
.
Z =
1 2 4 2
2
N
1 2
4
N
4
N
2
2
N
1
2
N
2
N
4
N
2 1
.
b
i+1
b
i
= 2a
i
+ 4α
i
2β
i
+ b
i
O
1
(
1
N
) + a
i
O
2
(
1
N
) + α
i
O
3
(
1
N
) + β
i
O
4
(
1
N
);
a
i+1
a
i
=
2
N
b
i
+ 2α
i
+ a
i
O
5
(
1
N
) + b
i
O
6
(
1
N
2
) + α
i
O
7
(
1
N
) + β
i
O
8
(
1
N
);
α
i+1
α
i
=
2
N
a
i
+ β
i
O
13
(
1
N
) + a
i
O
14
(
1
N
2
) + b
i
O
15
(
1
N
2
) + α
i
O
16
(
1
N
);
β
i+1
β
i
=
2
N
b
i
+ 2α
i
2β
i
+ a
i
O
9
(
1
N
) + α
i
O
10
(
1
N
) + β
i
O
11
(
1
N
) + b
i
O
12
(
1
N
2
).
{¯c
i
} C
k
: ¯c
i
= (c
1
i
, c
2
i
, . . . , c
k
i
), c
j
i
C
¯c
i+1
¯c
i
= A¯c
i
,
A k ×k
m C(t) : R C
k
˙
C(t) = mAC(t)
C(0) = ¯c
0
.
C(t) = R(t)¯c
0
, R(t) =
exp(mAt) C(t)
¯c
i
C(i/m), i = 0, 1, . . . .
C(
i+1
m
) = C(
i
m
) +
1
m
˙
C(
i
m
) +
1
2m
2
¨
C(t
1
),
i
m
<
t
1
<
i+1
m
1
1
2m
2
¨
C(t
1
) =
1
2
A
2
C(t
1
)
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
1
c
0
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
2
c
1
+
exp(mA
1
m
)
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
1
c0 =
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
2
)(¯c
0
+A¯c
0
+
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
1
c
0
)+exp(A)
1
2
A
2
exp(mAθ
1
c
0
i
i
3
2
P
j=1
i exp(
j
)A
2
¯c
0
0 < α
j
< 1 k¯c
0
k h
i
i
= O(ih) kc
0
k = O(
1
N
)
i = o(N)
i = O(
N) N
                                                                                                        



           bi+1 = bi (1 − N2 )2 + 2ai (1 − N1 )(1 − N2 ) + 4αi (1 − N1 )2 − 2βi (1 − N2 )(1 −             1
                                                                                                          N );
          ai+1 = ai (1 − N2 )2 − bi N2 (1 − N2 ) + 2αi (1 − N2 )(1 − N1 ) + 2βi N2 (1 − N1 );
          αi+1 = αi (1 − N2 )2 + βi N2 (1 − N2 ) − ai (1 − N2 ) N2 + bi N42 ;
          βi+1 = 2αi (1 − N1 )(1 − N2 ) − βi (1 − N2 )2 − bi (1 − N2 ) N2 − 2ai (1 − N1 ) N2 .
     &  )     
                                                                                 
                                                1              2      4      −2
                                              −2              1      2      4    
                                          Z =   N                           N    .
                                              42             − N2    1      2    
                                               N                             N
                                               − N2            4
                                                               N      2      −1
     #    $ '                                         %%  & #  
  $

           bi+1 − bi     = 2ai + 4αi − 2βi + bi O1 ( N1 ) + ai O2 ( N1 ) + αi O3 ( N1 ) + βi O4 ( N1 );
           ai+1 − ai     = − N2 bi + 2αi + ai O5 ( N1 ) + bi O6 ( N12 ) + αi O7 ( N1 ) + βi O8 ( N1 );                     
           αi+1 − αi     = − N2 ai + βi O13 ( N1 ) + ai O14 ( N12 ) + bi O15 ( N12 ) + αi O16 ( N1 );
           βi+1 − βi     = − N2 bi + 2αi − 2βi + ai O9 ( N1 ) + αi O10 ( N1 ) + βi O11 ( N1 ) + bi O12 ( N12 ).
                                                                        
                                                                                                                     
      
 {c̄ }        Ck : c̄ = (c1 , c2 , . . . , ck ), cj ∈ C       
         i                                        i    i i               i     i
  $     %%  & #    $

                                                      c̄i+1 − c̄i = Ac̄i ,                                                

 A   &   k × k       
    m     %& C(t) : R −→ Ck   )                                            %%  
& #    $
                                                      Ċ(t) = mAC(t)                                                     
          
                                                   C(0) = c̄0 .                                              
     )   ()      C(t) = R(t)c̄ ,   & $    $ R(t) =
                                                                        0
                      $  %%  & #    $   '  C(t) 
exp(mAt)
                 
  $      c̄    '   C(i/m), i = 0, 1, . . . .  
                                            i
  '  '   $   % $ C( i+1 ) = C( i ) + 1 Ċ( i ) + 1 C̈(t ), i <
                                                                      m      m        m   m      2m2     1   m
t1 < i+1     )     )          1 C̈(t ) = 1 A2 C(t ) 
                          1                                                              2m2     1              1
     )      )  1 A2 exp(mAθ )c̄    ) 1 A2 exp(mAθ )c̄ +
       m                                                                                               2
                                                                    1 0                                    2 1
exp(mA m  1 1 2
            ) 2 A exp(mAθ1 )c̄0 = 12 A2 exp(mAθ
                                                    2
                                                                 1 2
                                                                                            2
                                                                                              1 2                 
                                                 2 )(c̄0 +Ac̄0 + 2 A exp(mAθ1 )c̄0 )+exp(A) 2 A exp(mAθ1 )c̄0
     )   i )        ≤   3 P
                                              i exp(Aα )A c̄  2  
                                                                       0<α <1             kc̄ k ≤ h   
                                      i     2                   j      0               j                          0
                                                j=1
)   ) i    = O(ih)      #  $ kc k = O( 1 ) #)
                           i                                             0
  '  ' $   i = o(N )    '   )   ()        N
                                                                                     
      √     ) $  $        )  #   
i = O( N )                                                                  N