Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности "Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок". Писарева Л.П. - 14 стр.

         III. Find English equivalent to the following Russian words and word - combina-
tions.
      4 – (2-х) тактный двигатель, каждый оборот коленчатого вала, такты – всасывания,
сжатия, горения и расширения, выхлоп, ход поршня вверх (вниз), давление и температу-
ра, падать, атмосферное давление, камера сгорания, впрыскиваться, форсунка, цикл по-
вторяется, продукты сгорания, выталкивать через открытый выпускной клапан, засасы-
вается через открытый впускной клапан.

       IV. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Participle
I and II.
       1. The amount of clearance applied by the various engine builders varies considerably.
       2. There are engines operating on the two – cycle, principle and having cylinders ar-
ranged radially.
       3. A pound of any kind of fuel used in engines contains a definite amount of heat.
       4. Considering one cylinder the pressure of the exhaust at the exhaust valve will vary
considerably, falling to 2–3 lbs and rising to 4–7 lbs.
       5. The power transmitted is automatically monitored and controlled through engine fuel
control block.
       6. Fuel oil is sprayed into the cylinder by means of the pressure produced by the fuel –
injection pump.
       7. The 10 cylinder poppet – valve engine tested a month ago will be installed in the tank-
er being built at S. shipyard.

         V. Form the degrees of comparison.
         High, low, wide, good, little, efficient, suitable, bad, long, short, narrow, convenient.

     VI. Complete sentences according to the content of the text.
     1. Two revolutions of the shaft are required …
     2. A charge of pure air is draw in …
     3. The piston starts on an upward stroke …
     4. The piston compresses the charge …
     5. At the end of compression stroke …
     6. Finally atomized fuel oil is sprayed …
     7. The fuel is ignited …
     8. The exhaust valve in the cylinder head …
     9. All the products of combustion …

     VII. Change sentences from Active voice into Passive, pay attention to tenses of the
predicate.
     1. Fresh air fills the cylinder.
     2. Piston pushed the exhaust gases out.
     3. They placed the exhaust valve in the centre of the cylinder head.
     4. Fuel injection pump will spray the fuel oil.
     5. The cam opens the inlet valve.
     6. Piston compresses a charge of air to about 480 pounds.
     7. Compression rose the air temperature to about 1,000 degrees F.

     VIII. Answer the following questions.
     1. How many strokes of the piston are necessary to complete the cycle in the 4 – cycle
engine?
     2. Name the four strokes of the piston.
     3. What valves must be closed during compression stroke? Why?

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