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III. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Conditional clauses.
1. If the piston is water cooled, the cooling fluid is led into the piston through the teles-
copic pipe and flow out through a similar pipe that discharges into the cooler.
2. If the allowed overspeed was exceeded, the force would be sufficient to lift the suction
valves off their seats.
3. If the scavenging ports were open, the exhaust gas would blow into the scavenging air
receiver.
4. If the gasket is placed on the cage, it will fall off and if placed on the seat at the bottom
of the housing, it would be pinched between the edges of seat and cage.
5. If cooling water supply was insufficient, the engine would be overheated.
6. If the engine is large, the crankshaft will be built up.
IV. Supply the words given below into the following sentences.
1. There are … instead of inlet valves.
2. In a two-stroke engine … occurs on the first stroke, upstroke.
3. The exhaust ports are connected with …
4. Scavenging ports are in communication with …
5. The cylinder is … air at a pressure slightly above atmospheric.
6. … are inclined upward … the air toward …
7. Scavenging ports are positioned … to give the air …
Scavenging ports, whirling motion, exhaust manifold, low-pressure compressor, to fill,
tangentially, to direct, the top of the cylinder.
V. Answer the following questions.
1. What is there instead of an exhaust valve in the 2-cycle single-acting Diesel engine?
2. Where are the exhaust ports located?
3. What is there in place of air inlet valves?
4. What parts of the engine are the scavenging ports in communication with?
5. How is the low pressure scavenging air compressor driven?
6. Where do the scavenging ports open?
7. What pressure does the air flow into the cylinder at?
8. Where is the cylinder full of fresh air?
9. When does fuel injection occur?
10. How many revolutions are necessary to complete a cycle in a 2-cycle engine?
VI. Tell about the difference in construction of 4-cycle and 2-cycle engines.
VII. Read the text and check your comprehension by answering the questions.
Types of Diesel Engines
Two-cycle and four-cycle diesel engines may be divided, according to structural ar-
rangement, as follows: trunk-piston type, crosshead type, single-acting, double-acting, op-
posed-piston.
Trunk-piston and Crosshead Types
In the trunk-piston type the piston is attached to the crank by means of a connecting rod.
Connection of the upper end of the rod to the piston is made by means of the piston pin, while
the lower end is attached to the crankpin by means of a bearing known as the crankpin box.
The horizontal component of the downward thrust of the piston, when it drives the crank, is
17
III. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Conditional clauses.
1. If the piston is water cooled, the cooling fluid is led into the piston through the teles-
copic pipe and flow out through a similar pipe that discharges into the cooler.
2. If the allowed overspeed was exceeded, the force would be sufficient to lift the suction
valves off their seats.
3. If the scavenging ports were open, the exhaust gas would blow into the scavenging air
receiver.
4. If the gasket is placed on the cage, it will fall off and if placed on the seat at the bottom
of the housing, it would be pinched between the edges of seat and cage.
5. If cooling water supply was insufficient, the engine would be overheated.
6. If the engine is large, the crankshaft will be built up.
IV. Supply the words given below into the following sentences.
1. There are … instead of inlet valves.
2. In a two-stroke engine … occurs on the first stroke, upstroke.
3. The exhaust ports are connected with …
4. Scavenging ports are in communication with …
5. The cylinder is … air at a pressure slightly above atmospheric.
6. … are inclined upward … the air toward …
7. Scavenging ports are positioned … to give the air …
Scavenging ports, whirling motion, exhaust manifold, low-pressure compressor, to fill,
tangentially, to direct, the top of the cylinder.
V. Answer the following questions.
1. What is there instead of an exhaust valve in the 2-cycle single-acting Diesel engine?
2. Where are the exhaust ports located?
3. What is there in place of air inlet valves?
4. What parts of the engine are the scavenging ports in communication with?
5. How is the low pressure scavenging air compressor driven?
6. Where do the scavenging ports open?
7. What pressure does the air flow into the cylinder at?
8. Where is the cylinder full of fresh air?
9. When does fuel injection occur?
10. How many revolutions are necessary to complete a cycle in a 2-cycle engine?
VI. Tell about the difference in construction of 4-cycle and 2-cycle engines.
VII. Read the text and check your comprehension by answering the questions.
Types of Diesel Engines
Two-cycle and four-cycle diesel engines may be divided, according to structural ar-
rangement, as follows: trunk-piston type, crosshead type, single-acting, double-acting, op-
posed-piston.
Trunk-piston and Crosshead Types
In the trunk-piston type the piston is attached to the crank by means of a connecting rod.
Connection of the upper end of the rod to the piston is made by means of the piston pin, while
the lower end is attached to the crankpin by means of a bearing known as the crankpin box.
The horizontal component of the downward thrust of the piston, when it drives the crank, is
17
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