Механика грунтов. Пьянков С.А - 20 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

39
ȼ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ (ɪɢɫ. 3.11, ɚ) Ⱦɚɪɫɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ
Q
(ɦ
3
) ɩɪɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɢ-
ɥɢɧɞɪ ɫ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
Ⱥ
. ɂɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ-
ɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ:
Q
=
tAik
f
, (3.9)
ɝɞɟ
k
f
–
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ;
t –
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
f
-
(ɦ/ɫ) ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɞɢ-
ɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɚɪɫɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɦɟɬɶ:
.
ik
ff
-
(3.10)
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭ-
ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɭ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
k
f
, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (3.10), ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɤɨ-
ɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ (ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɝɢɞ-
ɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɟ), ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ (3.11, ɛ) ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧ-
ɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɤ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ
j
= 45°. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟ-
ɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ (ɦ/ɫ). ȼ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɪɚɯ, ɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ. Ɂɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɨɬ 0,001 ɦ/ɫɭɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɢɧ ɞɨ 100 ɦ/ɫɭɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ.
ȼ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3.10) ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɪ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɲɟ
ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ:
V
=
f
-
/
n
. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɭɮɮɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ.
Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɯ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ. ɗɬɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɦ
i
0
. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɥɚɦɢ-
ɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ:
)(
0
iik
ff
-
.
(3.11)
Ɋɢɫ. 3.12. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɠɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɦ
ɝɪɭɧɬɟ
ɉɪɢ
i
>
i
0
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢ-
ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ.
ɉɪɢ
i
<
i
0
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɬ, ɧɟɬ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ.
40
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ:
1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɛɢɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.
3. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ (ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ) ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
4. ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
5. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɲɩɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɨɩɤɟ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɚɧɨɜ, ɬɪɚɧɲɟɣ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡ-
ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ:
ɝɚɥɟɱɧɢɤ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 100 ɦ/ɫɭɬ;
ɝɚɥɟɱɧɢɤ ɫ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ 100 – 200 ɦ/ɫɭɬ;
ɩɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ 50 – 2 ɦ/ɫɭɬ;
ɩɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ, ɫɭɩɟɫɢ 2 – 0,1 ɦ/ɫɭɬ;
ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,1 ɦ/ɫɭɬ;
ɝɥɢɧɵ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,01 ɦ/ɫɭɬ.
3.5. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ
ɇɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ, ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɗɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ, ɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ – ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɬ-
ɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɚɧɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨ (ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ) ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟ-
ɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ȼɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɟ ɫɤɨɩ-
ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ, ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, ɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ-
ɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɚɥɵɯ ɫɧɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɟɧ: ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨ-
ɤɨɟ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɟ – ɡɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɬɨɦ. ȼɛɥɢɡɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
(ɪɟɤɚ, ɤɚɧɚɥ, ɨɡɟɪɨ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.) ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɪɨɝ,
ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɨɜ, ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ, ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɚɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ-
ɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ (ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ – ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ)
ɝɪɭɧ-
ɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ (ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ) ɫɥɨɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɦ
ɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɧɵɦ, ɬɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɨ-
ɧɨɫɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɨɬɪɵɬɶ ɤɨɬ-
ɥɨɜɚɧ, ɬɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ
, ɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɞɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ, –
ɭɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ
. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ (ɩɨɱ-
ɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɞɤɚ). ɇɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ
ɜɨɞ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɟɧ ɨɬ ɜɥɚɝɢ.

Страницы