Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 20 стр.

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20
Table 9. r-stems
Stems
r-stems
s-stems
Gender
Case
musculine
feminine
neuter
SINGULAR
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
fæder
fæder, -er
fæder
fæder
modor
modor
moder
modor
cild
cildes
cilde
cild
PLURAL
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
fæderas
fædera
fæderum
fæderas
modru, -a
modra
modrum
modru,-a
cild, cildi
cild/r/a
cildum
cild, cildru
If we compare the various OE declensions to one another, we will
find that there was one, namely the strong declension of masculine nouns
which formed its genitive singular in -es and its nominative and
accusative plural in –as. There were other declensions having -a, -an, -e
as endings for the genitive singular and -a, -an, -e, -u for the
nominative plural. In some declensions the genitive singular or the
nominative plural, or both, were like the nominative singular or different
from it only in the vowel or the root syllable.
Therefore -es was the only ending that never indicated anything but
a nominative and accusative singular, and -as was the only one that never
indicated anything but a nominative and accusative plural. Moreover, the
number of masculine strong nouns was very large.
These are the reasons for which, with the exception of a few irregular
plurals, ModE nouns are declined with the inflexions which came from the
Old English -es and -as.
In all declensions the genitive plural ended in -a and the dative
plural in -um. There are only few "traces" left by OE nouns, feminine, gen.
without -s. E.g. in Lady chapel, Lady day, lady-bird apart from those for
genitive singular and nominative accusative plural.
In Old English the categories of case and number were closely linked
together, they could not be expressed separately. Thus, it was not before
the Middle English period that the plural nominative and accusative -es
eliminated the other case forms of the plural.

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