Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 22 стр.

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22
THE VERB
The system of verb-forms in OE was characterized by many
peculiar features. Although the verb had numerous person and number
endings, it had fewer grammatical categories than in Modern English.
OE verbs had four categories (2 grammatical and 2 verbal):
person, number, mood and tense.
We will analyze all the verb-predicates in OE texts later on.
The category of PERSON was made up by the opposition of 3
forms: 1
st
, 2
nd
, and 3
rd
person; two members: singular and plural; the
finite forms were distinguished only in the Singular of the Present Tense
Indicative Mood.
The category of TENSE consisted of 2 forms: Present & Past. Both
in the Indicative and in the Subjective moods the Past Tense referred the
action to the past without differentiating between prior and non-prior
actions. The Present Tense reffered the action to the Present Future.
The category of MOOD was constituted by the Indicative, the
Imperative and Subjunctive mood, which were regularly distinguished in
paradigm (only in some forms of the Past Tense the difference was lost).
There were 2 non-finite-forms in the system of OE verbs:
the Infinitive and the Participle. It is necessary to underline that the
Infinitive had no verbal categories, being a verbal noun, it had a sort of
case system or rather some isolated case-forms corresponding to the Nom.
and Dat. case of nouns.
The Participle, as a verbal adjective, was characterized both by
verbal and nominal categories. P. I was present and active, P. II denoted a
state, resulting from a completed past action and was passive in meaning
when built from transitive verbs. P. II from transitive verbs had an active
meaning.
NB.
1. In strong verbs the Past Tense was formed by vowel-gradation,
while in weak verbs it was formed by adding the dental suffix -de, -te,
-ede, -ode.
2. The Past Participle of strong verbs was formed by adding -en, and
that of weak verbs by adding -ed, -od, -d, or -t. (See Tables 13, 14, 15).
There are some verbs, belonging to one class or another, which
suffered different changes owing to mutation or fracture palatalization.

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