Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 24 стр.

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24
STRONG VERBS
Strong verbs are subdivided into 7 classes. Each of these classes
except the 7th, is characterized by the gradation of four vowels: the first
vowel is in the infinitive and the Present Indicative, the 2nd in the 1st and
the 3rd persons of the Past Indicative, the 3rd – in the 2nd persons plural
of the Past, and the 4th – in the Past Participle.
In some verbs, besides vowel-gradation, there occurs the so-called
grammatical change or alteration of consonants, by Verner's Law; the
consonant of the infinitive and of the Past Tense singular is not the same,
as that of the Past Tense plural and the Past Participle.
Table 14. Strong verbs
Forms
Classes
Infinitive
Past
Singular
Past
Plural
Participle
II
NE
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
drīfan
ceōsan
1 drincan
2 helpan
3 feohtan
beran
sprecan
standan
cnāwan
drāf
ceas
dranc
healp
feaht
bær
sprǣc
stōd
cnēow
drifon
curon
druncon
hulpon
fuhton
bǣron
sprǣcon
stōdon
cneōwon
drifen
coren
drunken
hulpen
fuhten
boren
sprecen
standen
cnēwen
to drive
to choose
to drink
to help
to fight
to bear
to speak
to stand
to know
NB.
In EModE even in NE we find very few remnants of the 7 classes.
Some strong verbs became weak or regular, others passed from one class
into another or were replaced by loan-words.

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