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26
PRETERITE – PRESENT VERBS
Besides the two great classes of strong and weak verbs, there were
some secondary groups in OE, namely the preterite-present verbs and the
irregular verbs.
NB.
The characteristics of the preterite-present verbs are as following:
their Present Tense form coincided with the Present Tense form of strong
verbs and their Past Tense form was formed like the Past Tense of weak
verbs.
NB.
The preterite-present verbs which survive in ModE are: ought, can,
dare, shall, may, must. Most preterite – present verbs could be
subdivided according to the classes of strong verbs.
In OE there were 12 preterite-present verbs. Let's conjugate cunnan
"can".
Table 16. Preterite-present verbs
Categories
Tense
Number
Person
MOOD
Indicative
Subjunctive
Present
Singular
Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
can
canst
can
cunnon
cunne
cunnen
Past
Singular
Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
cūðe
cūðest
cūðe
cūðon
cūðe
cūðen
Infinitive
P. II
cunnan
cunnen, cūð
NB.
Most ModE modal or defective verbs descended from preterite-
present verbs. Their Present Tense forms originally were Past Tense forms,
that's why they do not add -s in the 3rd person Singular, their Past Tense
forms have a dental suffix: could, might, should.
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