Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 31 стр.

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31
II. Means of Enriching the OE Vocabulary
The principal means of enriching the OE vocabulary were word
building and borrowing. The two main types of building were affixation
and composition. (The borrowings are so vividly shown by Professor Otto
Jespersen in his book "Growth and Structure of the English Language", [8,
pp. 106-108]).
All words in the OE vocabulary (wordstock) fall into two groups:
1) simple;
2) derivatives.
The main means of word-formation from one root was affixation
subdivided into suffixation and prefixation.
Among the most productive OE prefixes we can find the following:
a-, b-, for-, fore-, ʒe-, mis-, un - and of-, on-, to-, under-, wið.
E.g. awendan "to translate", "to turn"; becuman "to arrive", "to
reach"; ʒehāten "called", oferwunnen "won", ymbfangen "caught",
"surrounded", forwyrd "to ruin", unlūcan "to open".
Noun-forming suffixes
Noun-forming suffixes are often closely linked with gender. Thus
the most productive suffix -ere was generally used to form masculine
nouns, denoting professions. E.g. fiscere "fisher", fuʒelere "fowler",
wrītere "writer", hordere "treasurer" etc.
The suffix -estre was used for feminine nouns denoting professions.
E.g. hearpestre "woman who plays the harp", spinnestre "woman who
spins".
The suffix -nd was added to the root of a verb to form nouns such
as feōnd "enemy", from the verb feōn "to hate", freōnd "friend, relative,
love" – from the verb freōn "to love", "to honour".
NB. The P. I was derived from the suffix -nd.
The suffix -ing was often used for forming patronymics.
E.g. ǣðeling "a nobleman", earming "a beggar".
The suffix -ling is a variant used for building nouns from the roots of
adjectives and verbs. E.g. deōrling "darling", ʒōsling "gosling", etc.
(Cp. scip – scipincel "ship, a little ship").
The suffix -en was used to form feminine nouns.

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