Reading and understanding newspapers. Пыж А.М. - 6 стр.

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PART 1. NEWSPAPERS IN ENGLAND AND THE USA:

APPEARANCE, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRESENT STATE

Text 1. A Brief History of Newspapers

Pre-reading task: before reading the text look up the following words

and phrases in the dictionary to make sure the meaning is clear to you:

Fragmentation, consumption, marketplace, backlash, groundwork,

evolving, revenue, whim, literacy, proliferation, to emphasize, to utilize, to

usher, genesis.

Reading task: now read the text below carefully to be able to answer

the questions that follow it.

A newspaper is a regularly published print product containing

information vital to the function of the market it serves.

The newspaper as we know it today is a product borne of necessity,

invention, the middle class, democracy, free enterprise, and professional

standards.

Choose your historical marker to begin the history of newspapers. The

first news sheet? The first newspaper? The first daily newspaper?

Pre-history "newspapers" were one-to-one in nature. The earliest

variation on a newspaper was a daily sheet published in 59 BC in Rome called

Acta Diurna (Daily Events), which Julius Caesar ordered posted throughout

the city. The earliest known printed newspaper was in Beijing in 748.

In 1451, Johannes Gütenberg uses a press to print an old German poem,

and two years later prints a 42-line Bible -- the significance being the mass

production of print products, ushering in an era of newspapers, magazines, and

books. By 1500, the genesis of a postal system can be seen in France, while

book publishing becomes popular throughout Europe and the first paper mill

can be found (England).

Zeitung (newspaper) is a news report published in Germany in 1502,

while Trewe Encountre becomes the earliest known English-language news

sheet in 1513. Germany's Avisa Relation oder Zeitung, in 1609, is the first

regularly published newspaper in Europe. Forty-four years after the first

newspaper in England, the Oxford Gazette is published, utilizing double

columns for the first time; the Oxford/London Gazette is considered the first