Reading and understanding newspapers. Пыж А.М. - 7 стр.

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true newspaper. The first North American newspaper, Public Occurrences
Both Foreign and Domestic, was published in 1690 in Boston.
The 1700s was a century in which market elements were created that
encouraged the development of daily newspapers: rising literacy, the
formation of nation-states, a developing postal system, the proliferation of
urban centers, a rising literary and philosophical tradition emphasizing
democratic involvement in government, and technologies that supported
newspaper production. In short, it was a great news century. The first daily
newspaper was The Daily Courant in London, 1702. In 1754, The Daily
Advertiser in London uses the first four-column format. France's first daily
newspaper appears in 1777, Journal de Paris, while the first United States
daily was the Pennsylvania Packet in 1784.
The rise of the middle class transformed newspapers in the 1800s. A penny
(US$0.01) buys a New York newspaper in 1833, opening up the first mass
market for newspapers. In 1847, the telegraph is used as a business tool,
transforming far-away stories. In 1873, an illustrated daily newspaper can be seen
in New York. In 1878 the first full-page newspaper advertisements appear, and in
1880 the first photographs are seen in newspapers, using halftones.
With the basic technical groundwork for the modern newspaper in place
by the late 19th century, the story of newspapers in the 20th century was about
professional development and adaptation to changing consumer and media
markets. The story also involved an evolving business model that rode an
ever-growing wave of mass-market advertising. Increased profitability and
higher revenues attracted publicly owned corporations interested in buying
newspapers from descendants of company founders, while simultaneously
exposing newspapers to the whims of cash- and profit-hungry stock markets.
By 2000, newspapers were juggling priorities: fragmentation of news
consumption, fragmentation of advertising investments, the advantages and
disadvantages of being a mass medium, balancing the wants of the
marketplace with the company's duty to provide the needs of the marketplace,
a journalistic backlash against industry changes, the sheer physicality of ink-
on-paper production and distribution versus digital distribution, increasing
profit pressure surrounding the core print product, and extension of the
company's core brand into other profit centers.
After reading task 1: answer the questions based on the information
you have just read.
1. What was the first regularly published newspaper in Europe?
2. In which newspaper were the double columns utilized for the first
time?

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