Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 38 стр.

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THE CHAPEL ROYAL OF ST PETER AD VINCULA AND
BLOCKS OF THE INNER WARD
Words and Expressions
– a scaffold – эшафот, плаха, виселица, казнь
– to restrict – ограничивать
– humble – простой
– castellated – выстроенный в форме замка
– a battlement – зубчатая стена, стена с бойницами
– a gargoyle – горгулья (желоб, водосточная труба в виде уродливой фантастической фигуры)
– a regiment – полк
– a fusilier – стрелок, фузилер
The Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, close by the scaffold site, is the last resting place of all those who
died there and also of many who died on Tower Hill. The dedication to St Peter ‘in chains’ suggests a special
association with prisoners but long predates the time when the Tower came into regular use as a prison. St
Peter’s had been a city parish church standing outside the Tower which was incorporated into the castle when it
was enlarged by Henry III. He had the Chapel richly furnished and decorated as the place of worship for the
general population of the Tower, the Chapel of St John in the White Tower being restricted to the sovereign
and his court. St Peter’s was rebuilt in the reign of Henry’s son, Edward I, and again rebuilt, in its present form,
in 1519 – 1520, in the early years of Henry VIII’s reign. It is therefore a rare example of early Tudor church
architecture, consisting of a nave and chancel and an equally wide north aisle, both with tie-beam roofs of
Spanish chestnut.
The Chapel contains some splendid monuments commemorating officers of the Tower, their wives, and
families, as well as memorials to many humble residents of the Tower who worshipped in this their parish
church, but it is known above all as the burial place of some of the most celebrated Tower prisoners including
three queens, Anne Boleyn, Catherine Howard and Jane Grey – the uncrowned ‘Nine Days’ Queen – and many
others of noble blood or high position including two saints of the Roman Catholic Church, Sir Thomas More
and Bishop John Fisher. At the time, their headless bodies were buried hastily and carelessly, without any
memorial, under the nave or chancel. When, with Queen Victoria’s approval, the Chapel was restored in 1876,
the remains unearthed in the nave, along with some intact coffins, were re-interred in the crypt. Bones found in
the chancel, some of which could be identified, including the remains of Anne Boleyn, were reburied beneath
the marble pavement before the altar. From that time the Chapel has held regular church services which are
open to the public. The fine organ built by Bernhardt Schmidt for the Banqueting House at Whitehall in 1699,
and adorned with carvings by Grinling Gibbons, was installed in 1890. In 1966 a professional choir which has
won a notable reputation was established. Visitors may enter the Chapel only with a Yeoman Warder’s tour,
which they may be allowed to join outside on Tower Green.
The Waterloo Block (formally Barracks), with accommodation for almost 1000 men, was built while the Duke
of Wellington was Constable of the Tower, in a castellated neo-Gothic style complete with elaborate battlements
and gargoyles. Since 1967, the Crown Jewels have been housed at the western end of the Waterloo Barracks, near
the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula.
Next to the Waterloo Barracks, and in similar style, was the Officers’ Mess, now the Headquarters of the
Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. It also contains the Royal Fusiliers Museum, for which there is a separate
admission charge. The Fusiliers’ connection with the Tower goes back to the formation of the Regiment here in
1685, initially to guard the Tower’s guns.
The houses next to the Fusiliers’ Headquarters were built in 1699 – 1700. Originally they were occupied by
officials of the Board of Ordnance. Later they became the Hospital Block for the Tower garrison.
The New Armouries, also built for the Ordnance, in 1663 – 1664, is now occupied by the Royal Armouries.

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