Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 39 стр.

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Answer the following questions.
1. How was the St Peter Chapel changed?
2. What typical features of Tudor church architecture can you name?
3. How did the Chapel become the burial place of noble people?
4. In what style was the Waterloo Block built?
5. What is the royal Fusilier Museum dedicated to?
THE OUTER WARD
Words and Expressions
– a bastion – бастион
– mob – толпа, сброд, чернь
– a tide – прилив или отлив
– to bore – бурить, сверлить
– a barrel – ствол, дуло (оружия)
– a chute – спуск, лоток, спускной желоб
The outer ward was created by Edward I’s expansion of the Tower in 1275 – 1285. On the landward side it
was originally bounded by a low retaining wall on the edge of the new moat. Soon after, this outer curtain was
built up not far short of its present height. It was still low enough, however, for defenders on the inner walls and
towers to aim and shoot across the moat and command the outer wall should it fall to an enemy
At the north-west and north-east corners of the outer ward were rounded bastions, from which archers
might cover the moat as well as the high ground of Tower Hill. In 1683 the bastions were converted into gun
emplacements, from which time date their present names of Legge’s Mount and Brass Mount.
Midway between Legge’s Mount and Brass Mount, the smaller North Bastion was built in 1848, at the time
of the Chartist agitation, against the threat of mob attack. This last significant addition to the Tower’s defences
was destroyed by a bomb in the Second World War.
Much of the area between the inner and outer curtain walls, from the Bell Tower round to the Salt Tower,
was eventually occupied by the workshops, offices, and houses of the Royal Mint, and the section north of the
Bell Tower is still known as Mint Street. The Victorian cottages ranged against the outer wall, called the
Casemates, are now the homes of most of the Yeoman Warders of the Tower and their families.
On the river front the outer ward still bears the name of Water Lane, recalling that it was constructed upon
the foreshore of the river. The main Watergate giving access to the outer ward was below St Thomas’s Tower,
built by Edward I between 1275 and 1279 to replace Henry III’s royal apartments in the Wakefield Tower.
Facing the river, above the arrow loops, were opening windows of coloured glass – a great rarity – and above
them was a line of painted stone statues. Within were a richly decorated hall and chamber with an oratory
dedicated to St Thomas (Thomas Becket). The hall has been reconstructed and the oratory reglazed with
coloured glass. The chamber next door has been left unrestored to show the degree to which the buildings have
been altered since the thirteenth century.
In 1532, in preparation for the coronation of Anne Boleyn, St Thomas’s Tower was largely rebuilt to
provide apartments for high-ranking court officials. Meanwhile, through the Watergate below, Traitors’ Gate,
passed the increasing flow of prisoners of state that began after Henry’s break with Rome.
By the early eighteenth century, the status and condition of St Thomas’s Tower had sadly deteriorated. In
the pool behind Traitors’ Gate was an engine worked originally either by the tide or horses, and eventually by
steam power, which raised water to a cistern on the roof of the White Tower; it could also be adapted to drive
machinery for boring gun barrels. The boring room was inside St Thomas’s Tower which, as well as the
Keeper of the Engine, accommodated a number of Yeoman Warders and the patients of the Tower infirmary.

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