Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 40 стр.

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Beneath St Thomas’s Tower Edward I had built a new private entrance for royalty arriving by river. In
Edward III’s reign, after the royal apartments came to be in or near the Lanthorn Tower, a private Watergate
was built for the king at the Cradle Tower between 1348 and 1355.
The Well Tower is perhaps the only tower other than the White Tower to have kept its original name, for
though it did not have a well its outer wall contained chutes down which buckets were lowered into the river.
The Develin Tower, at the south-east corner of the outer ward, at one period led to a causeway across the
moat. The main landward entrance into the outer ward was at the western end, by way of the Byward Tower.
Answer the following questions.
1. What was the design of the Outer Ward?
2. What was the area between the inner and outer curtain wall occupied by?
3. What are the present interiors of St Thomas’s Tower?
4. Why was St Thomas’s Tower largely rebuilt?
5. How did the engine behind the Traitor’s Gate work?
6. Which tower has kept its original name?
THE WESTERN ENTRANCE AND MOAT
Words and Expressions
– a drawbridge – подъемный мост, разводной мост
– a wharf – пристань, причал
– a cobble – булыжник
– an impediment – помеха, преграда, препона, препятствие
– an outwork – внешнее укрепление
– sluice – шлюз, перемычка, ворота шлюза
– to ebb – убывать, мелеть
– stagnant – стоячий (о воде), застойный, застоявшийся
The Byward Tower was the innermost of three gate-towers which defended the entrance across the moat.
The sequence of defences encountered by an enemy advancing towards the Byward Tower comprised a
drawbridge in the causeway, arrow loops in the twin towers on each side of the gatehall, a portcullis with
‘murder holes’ in the outer arch (down which might come not only missiles but also water to quench a fire),
then the gates, and finally a second portcullis. All these defences are still in place, except for the drawbridge
and the inner portcullis. The room above the gatehall, not open to the public, contains the portcullis winding-
gear and also the only painted decoration which survives in the Tower from the Middle Ages, a Crucifixion
scene, dating from about 1400, which has lacked the figure of Christ at its centre since a fireplace was inserted
when the room was remodelled in the Tudor period. The timber framing at the back of the tower was rebuilt at
the same time. Between the gatehall of the Byward Tower and the Water Lane shop is the entrance to the
postern tower which gave access from the wharf by a drawbridge. After the Cradle Tower was cut off from the
river by the extension of the wharf, the postern at the Byward Tower became the entrance for royalty and other
distinguished visitors coming to the Tower by water. The stairs at which they landed beside the wharf are now
known as Queen’s Stairs.
The Middle Tower is of similar design to the Byward Tower. Although partly refaced with Portland stone
in 1717 it contains many original features. The royal arms above the outer arch are those of George I, then the
reigning monarch.

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