Современная архитектура и строительство. Рябцева Е.В - 14 стр.

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UNIT 2
BUSINESS DESIGN
Lesson 1
Industrial Building Typology
Pre-reading Discussion
1. How do you understand the phrase “industrial construction”?
2. Are the efforts of engineers and constructors directed towards the same goal?
3. Construction is not the ultimate objective of design, is it?
4. What is the duty of an engineer?
Industrial building embraces a much wider range of functional processes than other forms of construction,
so that it is not easy to define it typologically. Basically, industrial construction involves production buildings
that directly or indirectly serve the mechanical manufacture of goods. This also includes plants for the genera-
tion of energy and heat, stores for materials and finished products, and administration and transport buildings.
Historically, one can identify three main phases of constructional development. At the beginning of the In-
dustrial Revolution in the middle of the 18th century, when machine manufacture came to replace traditional
craft production, power was supplied by direct mechanical transmission. This led to the erection of compact,
often multi-storey structures of great depth, based on a central source of energy such as a steam engine or a wa-
ter wheel. In the middle of the 19th century, industrial building was influenced by reformist ideas. Production
works were located downwind of cities - and downstream, too, if possible - to ensure better hygienic conditions
in respect of emissions. Improved means of conveying energy - as electricity or by hydraulic systems - and de-
centralized power generation allowed the various functions to be accommodated in different buildings. The in-
creasing size and weight of products like locomotives and turbines required broad, single-storey halls. The
American system of Conveyor-belt production also dictated large, top-lighted halls, so that multi-storey struc-
tures gradually declined in importance.
From the middle of the 20th century, heavy industry was complemented and later replaced by production
processes that required less space and caused less pollution. Flexibility and extendibility became increasingly
important, and it was possible to integrate industry in an urban context once more, with work and habitation

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