Современная архитектура и строительство. Рябцева Е.В - 15 стр.

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located close to each other. The great changes that have taken place in industry call for new built solutions,
which require the application of intelligent systems and sustainable planning strategies. Industrial building cul-
ture also means taking the design of the structure just as seriously as that of the products. An example of this
can be seen in the high-bay storage complex in Ludenscheid built for the Erco Company by Schnei-
der/Schumacher.
In seeking to draw up a typology of industrial buildings, one can perhaps best analyze those areas where
the greatest differences exist, namely in the functional layout and form.
Structures may be additive or integrative:
– additive (linear) – spine, comb, or with head structure;
– additive (two–dimensional) – grid, ring or agglomerate;
– integrative – within a box-like enclosure.
In additive systems, the various functional components will be more or less independent, in which case, the
access system is likely to provide the structuring element. The advantages of this type lie in its flexibility and
extendibility.
The semiconductor factory by Richard Rogers in Newport, South Wales, is an example of a linear, spine
structure with a symmetrical layout on both sides of the circulation and supply axis. The structure can be ex-
tended on both sides.
Gunter Behnisch's branch works for the Ley-boldt concern has a classical comb-like form. The teeth of the
comb accommodate the production spaces, which are linked via the central access route with three-storey semi-
circular office tracts. Extensions can be made to both the spine and the teeth.
The laser factory in Ditzingen by Barkow Leibinger has a double-comb structure with three independent
production halls laid out on both sides of an access zone.
As an example of an additive development with a head structure, one might cite the administration and
manufacturing building for Mors System Ceilings in Opmeer by Benthem Crouwel. The multi-storey head tract
(administration and presentation) and the single-storey production hall are united within a common load-
bearing structure. In Richard Horden's furniture factory near London, the head of the building is incorporated in
the overall volume. With its continuous load-bearing structure, this compact development reveals a clear linear
articulation of functions and is an example of industrial architecture at its best.
Norman Foster's central store for Renault in Swindon is a two-dimensionally additive structure based on a
repetitive modular grid. The factory near Warsaw by Kurylowicz architects comprises a series of repetitive grid
bays, but in this case, the internal articulation and side lighting restrict the scope for extension.
An additive ring form was adopted for the Volvo assembly plant in Kalmar in 1974, a much-discussed
scheme because of the change from conveyor-belt to team-oriented production. The manufacturing sequence is
organized around an infrastructure core zone, thereby achieving greatly improved working conditions. The hex-
agonal geometry also offers broad scope for extension.
The Enso Gutzeit coal-fired power station by Gullichsen Kairamo Vormala is an example of an agglomer-
ate structure developed irregularly over a period of many years.
In a comparable way, the various functional realms of the Louis Vuitton factory for leather goods by Jean-
Marc Sandrolini are distinguished by different building elements with their own individual forms and inde-
pendent load-bearing structures.
With integrative systems, the many functions of an industrial undertaking are incorporated in a single
building. One advantage of this is the proximity of the various zones to each other and the minimization of cir-
culation areas. In the car industry, for example, there is a trend towards integrating the administrative functions
in the manufacturing areas as a means of improving communication. A neutral, unifying building skin allows an
independent layout of the working processes, although often at the expense of flexibility. Extensions can be
made by inserting structures, by taking space away from other uses, or by adding further modules externally.
The filling plant for the Greene King brewery is a good example of the way various functions can be accom-
modated within a single box-like building, with secondary spaces - offices, social areas, workshops, etc. - in-
serted in the form of a structure within a structure.
The research and development centre in Meiningen by Kaufmann Theilig und Partner is a much more
complex box enclosure. It is laid out on two storeys, with the offices and staff rooms accommodated on galler-
ies above the ground floor production area. Various mixed types also exist, of course. In the logistics centre for
a CD works in Robel by Carsten Roth, an external through-route forms a kind of spine, with high-bay storage
facilities on one side and a hall for packing and distribution on the other. Similarly, the production building in
Amerang by Bottler and Lutz cannot be assigned to any single category. Consisting of two linked parallel halls,
it is formally a box, but has a continuous linear load-bearing structure, while the production process follows a
circular route.

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