Методические указания по общей и неорганической химии для студентов геологического факультета. Семенов В.Н - 14 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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14
HCN + OH
-
↔ CN
-
+ H
2
O
H[jZlgZyj_Zdpby-\aZbfh^_ckl\b_khebk\h^hckh[jZah\Zgb_fdbkehlub
hkgh\Zgby- gZau\Z_lkyj_Zdpb_c]b^jhebaZKmffZjgucwnn_dl]b^jhebaZhij_
^_ey_lkyijbjh^hcgZoh^ysboky\jZkl\hj_dZlbhgh\bZgbhgh\<wlhfkemqZ_\ha
fh`gu\ZjbZglZ
Khevh[jZah\ZggZykbevgufhkgh\Zgb_fbkbevghcdbkehlhc
.
LZdZy khev ]b^jhebam g_ ih^\_j]Z_lky lZd dZd obfbq_kdh_ jZ\gh\_kb_ kf_s_gh
\e_\h\klhjhgmh[jZah\ZgbyfZeh^bkkhpbbjh\Zggh]h\_s_kl\Z-\h^u
NaNO
3
+ H
2
O ← NaOH + HNO
3
AgZq_gb_S+jZkl\hjZjZ\ghkj_^Z-g_cljZevgZy
2.
Khevh[jZah\ZggZykbevgufhkgh\Zgb_fbkeZ[hcdbkehlhc
GZ[ex^Z_lky]b^jhebaihZgbhgm
A
-
+ H
2
O ↔ HA + OH
-
Kj_^Zs_ehqgZyS+!
ZdZlbhgbZgbhgh^gh\Ze_glgu
NaCN + H
2
O ↔ NaOH + HCN
[dZlbhgh^gh\Ze_gl_gZgbhgfgh]h\Ze_gl_g
K
3
PO
4
+ H
2
O ↔ K
2
HPO
4
+ KOH
KH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O ↔ KH
2
PO
4
+ KOH
J_Zdpby]b^jhebaZijhl_dZ_lklmi_gqZlh\hkgh\ghfb^_lihi_j\hcklmi_
gbih\lhjhc–g_agZqbl_evghZihlj_lv_cklmi_gb^hh[jZah\Zgby+
3
PO
4
) –g_
b^_l\jZkl\hj_gZdZieb\Z_lky.2+bobfbq_kdh_jZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\e_\h
\dZlbhgfgh]h\Ze_gl_gZgbhgh^gh\Ze_gl_g
Ba(CN)
2
+ H
2
O ↔ BaOHCN + HCN
]dZlbhgbZgbhgfgh]h\Ze_glgu
2 BaS + 2 H
2
O ↔ Ba(HS)
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
3. Khevh[jZah\ZggZykeZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fbkbevghcdbkehlhc .
GZ[ex^Z_lky]b^jhebaihdZlbhgm
W
+
+ H
2
O ↔WHG2+
-
Kj_^ZdbkeZyS+
Z) NH
4
NO
3
+ H
2
O ↔ NH
4
OH + HNO
3
[) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O ↔ NH
4
HSO
4
+ NH
4
OH
\) AlCl
3
+ H
2
O ↔ AlOHCl
2
+ HCl
AlOHCl
2
+ H
2
O ↔ Al(OH)
2
Cl + HCl
]) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2 H
2
O ↔ 2 AlOHSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
2 AlOHSO
4
+ 2 H
2
O ↔ [Al(OH)
2
]
2
SO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
[Al(OH)
2
]
2
SO
4
+ 2 H
2
O ↔ 2 Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
4Khevh[jZah\ZggZykeZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fbkeZ[hcdbkehlhc
GZ[ex^Z_lkyh^gh\j_f_ggh]b^jhebaihdZlbhgmbihZgbhgmagZq_gb_S+jZkl\h
jZaZ\bkblhlkbeudbkehlubhkgh\ZgbyDZdijZ\behj_Zdpbyijhl_dZ_l^hdhg
pZGZijbf_j, 
                                            14


                                  HCN + OH- ↔ CN- + H2O
      H[jZlgZyj_Zdpby-\aZbfh^_ckl\b_khebk\h^hckh[jZah\Zgb_fdbkehlub
hkgh\Zgby-gZau\Z_lkyj_Zdpb_c]b^jhebaZKmffZjgucwnn_dl]b^jhebaZhij_
^_ey_lkyijbjh^hcgZoh^ysboky\jZkl\hj_dZlbhgh\bZgbhgh\<wlhfkemqZ_\ha
fh`gu\ZjbZglZ
      Khevh[jZah\ZggZykbevgufhkgh\Zgb_fbkbevghcdbkehlhc.
LZdZy khev ]b^jhebam g_ ih^\_j]Z_lky  lZd dZd obfbq_kdh_ jZ\gh\_kb_ kf_s_gh
\e_\h \klhjhgmh[jZah\ZgbyfZeh^bkkhpbbjh\Zggh]h\_s_kl\Z-\h^u
                             NaNO3 + H2O ← NaOH + HNO3
AgZq_gb_S+jZkl\hjZjZ\ghkj_^Z-g_cljZevgZy
      2. Khevh[jZah\ZggZykbevgufhkgh\Zgb_fbkeZ[hcdbkehlhc
GZ[ex^Z_lky]b^jhebaihZgbhgm
                                 A- + H2O ↔ HA + OH-
Kj_^Zs_ehqgZy S+! 
      Z dZlbhgbZgbhgh^gh\Ze_glgu
                                NaCN + H2O ↔ NaOH + HCN
      [ dZlbhgh^gh\Ze_gl_gZgbhgfgh]h\Ze_gl_g
                               K3PO4 + H2O ↔ K2HPO4 + KOH
                              KH2PO4 + H2O ↔ KH2PO4 + KOH
      J_Zdpby]b^jhebaZijhl_dZ_lklmi_gqZlh\hkgh\ghfb^_lihi_j\hcklmi_
gbih\lhjhc–g_agZqbl_evghZihlj_lv_cklmi_gb ^hh[jZah\Zgby+3PO4) –g_
b^_l \jZkl\hj_gZdZieb\Z_lky.2+bobfbq_kdh_jZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\e_\h 
      \ dZlbhgfgh]h\Ze_gl_gZgbhgh^gh\Ze_gl_g
                              Ba(CN)2 + H2O ↔ BaOHCN + HCN
      ] dZlbhgbZgbhgfgh]h\Ze_glgu
                             2 BaS + 2 H2O ↔ Ba(HS)2 + Ba(OH)2
      3. Khevh[jZah\ZggZykeZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fbkbevghcdbkehlhc .
GZ[ex^Z_lky]b^jhebaihdZlbhgm
                                W+ + H2O ↔WHG2+-
Kj_^ZdbkeZy S+ 
                   Z) NH4NO3 + H2O ↔ NH4OH + HNO3
                   [) (NH4)2SO4 + H2O ↔ NH4HSO4 + NH4OH
                   \) AlCl3 + H2O ↔ AlOHCl2 + HCl
                      AlOHCl2 + H2O ↔ Al(OH)2Cl + HCl
                   ]) Al2(SO4)3 + 2 H2O ↔ 2 AlOHSO4 + H2SO4
                      2 AlOHSO4 + 2 H2O ↔ [Al(OH)2]2SO4 + H2SO4
                     [Al(OH)2]2SO4 + 2 H2O ↔ 2 Al(OH)3 + H2SO4

      4Khevh[jZah\ZggZykeZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fbkeZ[hcdbkehlhc
GZ[ex^Z_lkyh^gh\j_f_ggh]b^jhebaihdZlbhgmbihZgbhgmagZq_gb_S+jZkl\h
jZaZ\bkblhlkbeudbkehlubhkgh\ZgbyDZdijZ\behj_Zdpbyijhl_dZ_l^hdhg
pZGZijbf_j,

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