Методические указания по общей и неорганической химии для студентов геологического факультета. Семенов В.Н - 13 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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13
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IJ
FeS
jZ\gh⋅
10
-18
IJ
CuS
= 6,0
⋅
10
-36
.
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jZkl\hjkmevnb^Z
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jZkl\hjbfhklbh[tykgblv\uiZ^_gb_hkZ^dZkmevnb^Z`_e_aZ\h^ghfkemqZ_b_]h
hlkmlkl\b_\^jm]hf
HIUL
Mkeh\byjZkl\hj_gbyhkZ^dh\
Z<^\moijh[bjdZoihemqblvhkZ^dbkmevnb^Zf_^b
II
bkmevnb^Z`_e_aZ
(II
\aZbfh^_ckl\b_fFjZkl\hjZkmevnb^ZgZljbykFjZkl\hjZfbkmevnZlZ
f_^b
II
bkmevnZlZ`_e_aZ
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<h[_ijh[bjdb^h[Z\blvh^bgZdh\h_dhebq_kl\h
 F jZkl\hjZ kheyghc dbkehlu H[tykgblv bkihevamy \_ebqbgu IJ ^ey)H6b
&X6jZkl\hj_gb_lhevdh)H6KhklZ\blvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcihemq_gby)H6b&X6
ZlZd`_mjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb)H6k+&O\fhe_dmeyjghcbbhgghcnhjf_
[ < ^\mo ijh[bjdZo ihemqblvhkZ^hd hdkZeZlZ dZevpby \aZbfh^_ckl\b_f
jZkl\hjh\ kheb dZevpby b hdkZeZlZ Zffhgby < h^gm ba ijh[bjhd ^h[Z\blv g_
kdhevdh dZi_evgjZkl\hjZHCl Z\ ^jm]mx–klhevdh `_gjZkl\hjZmdkmkghc
dbkehluH[tykgblvihq_fm\ihke_^g_fkemqZ_hdkZeZldZevpbyijZdlbq_kdbg_
jZkl\hjy_lkyHldhgp_gljZpbbdZdbobhgh\aZ\bkbljZkl\hj_gb_CaC
2
O
4
\dbkeh
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J:;HL:
=B>JHEBAKHE?C
J_Zdpbb\jZkl\hjZowe_dljheblh\b^ml\klhjhgmh[jZah\ZgbygZbf_g__^bk
khpbbjh\ZgguobgZbf_g__jZkl\hjbfuo\_s_kl\JZkkfhljbfkwlhclhqdbaj_gby
ke_^mxsmxj_Zdpbxh[f_gZ
NaOH + HNO
3
= NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
WlZj_Zdpbyf_`^mhkgh\Zgb_fbdbkehlhckh[jZah\Zgb_fkhebb\h^ugZau
\Z_lkyj_Zdpb_cg_cljZebaZpbbWlZj_Zdpbyijhl_dZ_l^hdhgpZlZddZdh[jZam
_lkyfZeh^bkkhpbbjmxs__\_s_kl\h–\h^Z
H
+
+ OH
-
= H
2
O
?kebjZkkfhlj_lv j_Zdpbx f_`^m keZ[hc dbkehlhc b kbevguf hkgh\Zgb_f
beb keZ[uf hkgh\Zgb_f b kbevghc dbkehlhc lh fh`gh hlf_lblv qlh \ ^Zgghf
ijhp_kk_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky obfbq_kdh_ jZ\gh\_kb_fZeh^bkkhpbbjh\Zggu_ kh_^b
g_gbyijbkmlkl\m xlb\ijZ\hcb\e_\hcqZklyomjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbb
HCN + NaOH ↔ NaCN + H
2
O 
                                                13


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IJFeS jZ\gh⋅10-18IJCuS = 6,0⋅10-36.
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gbo^h[Z\blvlZdhc`_h[t_fk_jh\h^hjh^ghc\h^uZ\^jm]mx–jZkl\hjkmevnb^Z
Zffhgby  < dZdhf kemqZ_ \uiZ^Z_l hkZ^hd"  Ihevamykv agZq_gbyfb ijhba\_^_gby
jZkl\hjbfhklbh[tykgblv\uiZ^_gb_hkZ^dZkmevnb^Z`_e_aZ\h^ghfkemqZ_b_]h
hlkmlkl\b_\^jm]hf

                           HIUL Mkeh\byjZkl\hj_gbyhkZ^dh\

       Z <^\moijh[bjdZoihemqblvhkZ^dbkmevnb^Zf_^b II bkmevnb^Z`_e_aZ
(II \aZbfh^_ckl\b_fFjZkl\hjZkmevnb^ZgZljbykFjZkl\hjZfbkmevnZlZ
f_^b II bkmevnZlZ`_e_aZ II <h[_ijh[bjdb^h[Z\blvh^bgZdh\h_dhebq_kl\h
 F jZkl\hjZ kheyghc dbkehlu  H[tykgblv  bkihevamy \_ebqbgu IJ ^ey )H6 b
&X6jZkl\hj_gb_lhevdh)H6KhklZ\blvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcihemq_gby)H6b&X6
ZlZd`_mjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb)H6k+&O\fhe_dmeyjghcbbhgghcnhjf_
       [   < ^\mo ijh[bjdZo ihemqblv   hkZ^hd hdkZeZlZ dZevpby \aZbfh^_ckl\b_f
jZkl\hjh\ kheb dZevpby b hdkZeZlZ Zffhgby  < h^gm ba ijh[bjhd ^h[Z\blv g_
kdhevdh dZi_ev gjZkl\hjZHClZ\^jm]mx–klhevdh`_gjZkl\hjZmdkmkghc
dbkehluH[tykgblvihq_fm\ihke_^g_fkemqZ_hdkZeZldZevpbyijZdlbq_kdbg_
jZkl\hjy_lkyHldhgp_gljZpbbdZdbobhgh\aZ\bkbljZkl\hj_gb_CaC2O4 \dbkeh
lZo"


                                            J:;HL:
                                      =B>JHEBAKHE?C
     J_Zdpbb\jZkl\hjZowe_dljheblh\b^ml\klhjhgmh[jZah\ZgbygZbf_g__^bk
khpbbjh\ZgguobgZbf_g__jZkl\hjbfuo\_s_kl\JZkkfhljbfkwlhclhqdbaj_gby
ke_^mxsmxj_Zdpbxh[f_gZ
                                 NaOH + HNO3 = NaNO3 + H2O
      WlZj_Zdpbyf_`^mhkgh\Zgb_fbdbkehlhckh[jZah\Zgb_fkhebb\h^ugZau
\Z_lkyj_Zdpb_cg_cljZebaZpbbWlZj_Zdpbyijhl_dZ_l^hdhgpZlZddZdh[jZam
_lkyfZeh^bkkhpbbjmxs__\_s_kl\h–\h^Z
                                         H+ + OH- = H2O
       ?keb  jZkkfhlj_lv j_Zdpbx f_`^m keZ[hc dbkehlhc b kbevguf hkgh\Zgb_f
 beb keZ[uf hkgh\Zgb_f b kbevghc dbkehlhc   lh fh`gh hlf_lblv qlh \ ^Zgghf
ijhp_kk_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky obfbq_kdh_ jZ\gh\_kb_ fZeh^bkkhpbbjh\Zggu_ kh_^b
g_gbyijbkmlkl\mxlb\ijZ\hcb\e_\hcqZklyomjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbb 
                                HCN + NaOH ↔ NaCN + H2O

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