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12
gh\_kby>ey%D62
4
fh`ghaZibkZlv
BaSO
4
(
l\
)
↔
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
b
Kp = [Ba
2+
]
⋅
[ SO
4
2-
] / [BaSO
4
(
l\
)].
LZddZd>%D62
4
l\@_klv\_ebqbgZihklhyggZylhb.S[m^_lhij_^_eylvkylhevdh
ijhba\_^_gb_fdhgp_gljZpbcbhgh\%D
2+
b62
4
2-
dhlhjZygZau\Z_lkyijhba\_^_gb
_fjZkl\hjbfhklbIJ >%D
2+
] [ SO
4
2-
]
<h[s_f\b^_^eyljm^ghjZkl\hjbfh]hkh_^bg_gby
A
m
B
n
IJ = [A
+
]
m
[B
-
]
n
.
Mkeh\b_f h[jZah\Zgby hkZ^dZ y\ey_lky ij_\ur_gb_ ijhba\_^_gby dhgp_g
ljZpbcbhgh\fZehjZkl\hjbfh]hwe_dljheblZgZ^\_ebqbghc_]hijhba\_^_gbyjZk
l\hjbfhklbBgZh[hjhljZkl\hj_gb_hkZ^dZfZehjZkl\hjbfh]hwe_dljheblZijh
bkoh^blijbmkeh\bbqlhijhba\_^_gb_dhgp_gljZpbc_]hbhgh\f_gvr_agZq_gby
IJWlh]hfh`gh^h[blvkyk\yau\Zgb_fdZdbf-eb[hkihkh[hfbhgh\^Zggh]hljm^
ghjZkl\hjbfh]hkh_^bg_gbyBkihevamy\_ebqbguIJfh`gh\uqbkeylvjZkl\hjb
fhklvfZehjZkl\hjbfuowe_dljheblh\
HIULOZjZdl_j^bkkhpbZpbb]b^jhdkb^h\
<ljbijh[bjdb \g_klbih–fegjZkl\hjh\– MgCl
2
, 2 – AlCl
3
, 3 –
Na
2
SiO
3
<i_j\u_^\_^h[Z\blvgjZkl\hjZs_ehqb Z\lj_lvx- 1 –fejZk
l\hjZkheyghcdbkehlu
>ey hij_^_e_gby obfbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ ihemq_gguo ]b^jhdkb^h\ dZ`^uc
hkZ^hdjZa^_eblv gZ ^\_ qZklb b bkiulZlv h^gm ^_ckl\b_fgjZkl\hjZ HCl Z
\lhjmxqZklv–^_ckl\b_fjZkl\hjZs_ehqbK^_eZlv\u\h^ hdbkehlghfhkgh\ghf
bebZfnhl_jghfoZjZdl_j_]b^jhdkb^h\.
DZd f_gyxlky k\hckl\Z ]b^jhdkb^h\ k m\_ebq_gb_f aZjy^Z bhgZkl_i_gb
hdbke_gby"
GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc^bkkhpbZpbb]b^jhdkb^h\fZ]gbyZexfbgbyb
dj_fgbybmjZ\g_gbyjZkl\hj_gbybo\dbkehl_bs_ehqb
HIUL Bamq_gb_hlghkbl_evghckbeudbkehl
<^\_ijh[bjdbihf_klblvih ]jZgme_pbgdZbijbeblv\i_j\mx–fe
gjZkl\hjZkheyghcdbkehluZ\h\lhjmx-lZdh_`_dhebq_kl\hgjZkl\hjZmd
kmkghcdbkehluH[tykgblvjZaebqb_\kdhjhklyoj_Zdpbc
HIUL Mkeh\b_\uiZ^_gbyhkZ^dh\
Z<h^gmijh[bjdm\g_klbfeFjZkl\hjZkmevnZlZ`_e_aZIIZ\^jm
]mxklhevdh`_FjZkl\hjZkmevnZlZf_^bII<h[_ijh[bjdb^h[Z\blvih
fe gZkus_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ k_jh\h^hjh^Z < dZdhf kemqZ_ gZ[ex^Zeb \uiZ^_gb_
12 gh\_kby>ey%D624 fh`ghaZibkZlv BaSO4 (l\) ↔ Ba2+ + SO42- b Kp = [Ba2+]⋅[ SO42- ] / [BaSO4 (l\)]. LZddZd>%D624 l\ @_klv\_ebqbgZihklhyggZylhb.S[m^_lhij_^_eylvkylhevdh ijhba\_^_gb_fdhgp_gljZpbcbhgh\%D2+b6242-dhlhjZygZau\Z_lkyijhba\_^_gb _fjZkl\hjbfhklbIJ >%D2+] [ SO42- ] <h[s_f\b^_^eyljm^ghjZkl\hjbfh]hkh_^bg_gbyAmBn IJ = [A+]m [B-]n . Mkeh\b_f h[jZah\Zgby hkZ^dZ y\ey_lky ij_\ur_gb_ ijhba\_^_gby dhgp_g ljZpbcbhgh\fZehjZkl\hjbfh]hwe_dljheblZgZ^\_ebqbghc_]hijhba\_^_gbyjZk l\hjbfhklbBgZh[hjhljZkl\hj_gb_hkZ^dZfZehjZkl\hjbfh]hwe_dljheblZijh bkoh^blijbmkeh\bbqlhijhba\_^_gb_dhgp_gljZpbc_]hbhgh\f_gvr_agZq_gby IJWlh]hfh`gh^h[blvkyk\yau\Zgb_fdZdbf-eb[hkihkh[hfbhgh\^Zggh]hljm^ ghjZkl\hjbfh]hkh_^bg_gbyBkihevamy\_ebqbguIJfh`gh\uqbkeylvjZkl\hjb fhklvfZehjZkl\hjbfuowe_dljheblh\ HIULOZjZdl_j^bkkhpbZpbb]b^jhdkb^h\ <ljbijh[bjdb\g_klbih–fegjZkl\hjh\– MgCl2, 2 – AlCl3, 3 – Na2SiO3 <i_j\u_^\_^h[Z\blvgjZkl\hjZs_ehqbZ\lj_lvx- 1 –fejZk l\hjZkheyghcdbkehlu >ey hij_^_e_gby obfbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ ihemq_gguo ]b^jhdkb^h\ dZ`^uc hkZ^hd jZa^_eblv gZ ^\_ qZklb b bkiulZlv h^gm ^_ckl\b_f g jZkl\hjZ HCl Z \lhjmxqZklv–^_ckl\b_fjZkl\hjZs_ehqbK^_eZlv\u\h^hdbkehlghfhkgh\ghf bebZfnhl_jghfoZjZdl_j_]b^jhdkb^h\. DZd f_gyxlky k\hckl\Z ]b^jhdkb^h\ k m\_ebq_gb_f aZjy^Z bhgZ kl_i_gb hdbke_gby " GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc^bkkhpbZpbb]b^jhdkb^h\fZ]gbyZexfbgbyb dj_fgbybmjZ\g_gbyjZkl\hj_gbybo\dbkehl_bs_ehqb HIUL Bamq_gb_hlghkbl_evghckbeudbkehl <^\_ijh[bjdbihf_klblvih]jZgme_pbgdZbijbeblv\i_j\mx–fe gjZkl\hjZkheyghcdbkehluZ\h\lhjmx-lZdh_`_dhebq_kl\hgjZkl\hjZmd kmkghcdbkehluH[tykgblvjZaebqb_\kdhjhklyoj_Zdpbc HIUL Mkeh\b_\uiZ^_gbyhkZ^dh\ Z <h^gmijh[bjdm\g_klbfeFjZkl\hjZkmevnZlZ`_e_aZ II Z\^jm ]mxklhevdh`_FjZkl\hjZkmevnZlZf_^b II <h[_ijh[bjdb^h[Z\blvih fe gZkus_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ k_jh\h^hjh^Z < dZdhf kemqZ_ gZ[ex^Zeb \uiZ^_gb_
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