Гидрогеоэкология. Смирнова А.Я. - 15 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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15
1.
Oehj
-
fZ]gb_\ucijbkmsbcfhjkdbfmkeh\byf
2.
KmevnZlgh
-
gZljb_\ucijbkmsbcdhglbg_glZevghch[klZgh\d_
3.
=b^jhdZj[hgZlgh
-
gZljb_\uc oZjZdl_jbamxsbc lZd`_ dhglbg_glZev
gmxh[klZgh\dmnhjfbjh\Zgby
4.
Oehjb^gh
-
dZevpb_\uc oZjZdl_jbamxsbc ]em[bggmx h[klZgh\dm
nhjfbjh\Zgbyih^a_fguo\h^
Hlg_k_gb_\h^dlhfm bebbghfmlbimijh\h^blkyihkhq_lZgbx^\mohk
gh\guo]_g_lbq_kdbodhwnnbpb_glh\
1.
−
−+
−
2
4
SO
ClNa
;2.
+
+−
−
Mg
NaCl
∗
DZ`^uc ba wlbo dhwnnbpb_glh\fh`_lbaf_gylvky \ke_^mxsboij_^_
eZo
1.
−
−+
−
2
4
SO
ClNa
<
<wlhfkemqZ_lbi\h^u[m^_lkmevnZlgh
-
gZljb_\uf
2.
−
−+
−
2
4
SO
ClNa
>
Ijb lZdhf khhlghr_gbb
Na
+
hdZ`_lky k\yaZgguf g_
lhevdhk
Cl
-
b
SO
4
2-
ghbk
HCO
3
ke_^h\Zl_evgh\\h^_ijbkmlkl\m_l
kh^Zblbi__
–
]b^jhdZj[hgZlgh
-
gZljb_\uc
3.
+
+−
−
Mg
NaCl
<
<wlhfkemqZ_lbi\h^uoehj
-
fZ]gb_\uc
4.
+
+−
−
Mg
NaCl
>
lbi\h^u[m^_loehjb^gh
-
dZevpb_\uc
DZ`^uc ba lbih\ \h^ <: Kmebg ih^jZa^_ey_l gZ ]jmiiu ih ij_h[eZ
^Zxs_fmdZlbhgm\u^_eyy\ij_^_eZolbiZ]b^jhdZj[hgZlgmxkmevnZlgmxb
oehjb^gmx]jmiiu
<k\hxhq_j_^v]jmiiuihij_h[eZ^Zxs_fmdZlbhgmjZa^_eyxlkygZih^
]jmiiudZevpb_\mxfZ]gb_\mxbgZljb_\mx
DeZkkbnbdZpbyH::e_dbgZ
<hkgh\m__iheh`_gu]eZ\guofZdjh
-
bhgh\obfbq_kdh]hkhklZ\Z\h^u
\ujZ`_ggu_\ffhev
-
ijhp_glghcnhjf_>ey\u^_e_gbydeZkkh\b]jmii\h^u
\deZkkbnbdZpbbbkihevah\Zgijbgpbi ij_h[eZ^Zxsbodhfihg_glh\<ij_
^_eZo deZkkZ b ]jmiiu jZaebqZxlky lbiu \h^ hij_^_ey_fu_ khhlghr_gbyfb
f_`^mbhgZfb<k_ijbjh^gu_\h^u^_eylkyihij_h[eZ^Zxs_fmZgbhgmgZljb
deZkkZ
1. deZkk]b^jhdZj[hgZlguo\h^
2. deZkkkmevnZlguo\h^
3. deZkkoehjb^guo\h^
DZ`^ucdeZkk^_eblkyihij_h[eZ^Zxs_fmdZlbhgmgZ]jmiiudZevpb_
\uo fZ]gb_\uo bgZljb_\uo \h^ <ij_^_eZo]jmiiu\u^_eyxlkyke_^mxsb_
lbiu \h^I_j\uc lbi oZjZdl_jbam_lkykhhlghr_gb_fHCO
3
-
> Ca
2+
+ Mg
2+
.
∗
Kh^_j`Zgb_bhgZ\ujZ`Z_lkyffhev^f
3
                                              15

     1. Oehj-fZ]gb_\ucijbkmsbcfhjkdbfmkeh\byf
     2. KmevnZlgh-gZljb_\ucijbkmsbcdhglbg_glZevghch[klZgh\d_
     3. =b^jhdZj[hgZlgh-gZljb_\uc oZjZdl_jbamxsbc lZd`_ dhglbg_glZev
        gmxh[klZgh\dmnhjfbjh\Zgby
     4. Oehjb^gh-dZevpb_\uc oZjZdl_jbamxsbc ]em[bggmx h[klZgh\dm
        nhjfbjh\Zgbyih^a_fguo\h^
     Hlg_k_gb_\h^dlhfmbebbghfmlbimijh\h^blkyihkhq_lZgbx^\mohk
gh\guo]_g_lbq_kdbodhwnnbpb_glh\
              Na + − Cl −                Cl − − Na +   ∗
         1.               ;         2.
                SO 24 −                      Mg +
        DZ`^uc ba wlbo dhwnnbpb_glh\ fh`_l baf_gylvky \ ke_^mxsbo ij_^_
eZo
              Na + − Cl −
        1.                <<wlhfkemqZ_lbi\h^u[m^_lkmevnZlgh-gZljb_\uf
                SO 24 −
              Na + − Cl −
        2.          2−
                          >  Ijb lZdhf khhlghr_gbb Na+ hdZ`_lky k\yaZgguf g_
                SO 4
             lhevdhkCl-bSO42-ghbkHCO3ke_^h\Zl_evgh\\h^_ijbkmlkl\m_l
             kh^Zblbi__–]b^jhdZj[hgZlgh-gZljb_\uc
           Cl − − Na +
        3.             <<wlhfkemqZ_lbi\h^uoehj-fZ]gb_\uc
               Mg +
           Cl − − Na +
        4.             >lbi\h^u[m^_loehjb^gh-dZevpb_\uc
               Mg +
     DZ`^uc ba lbih\ \h^ <: Kmebg ih^jZa^_ey_l gZ ]jmiiu ih ij_h[eZ
^Zxs_fmdZlbhgm\u^_eyy\ij_^_eZolbiZ]b^jhdZj[hgZlgmxkmevnZlgmxb
oehjb^gmx]jmiiu
     <k\hxhq_j_^v]jmiiuihij_h[eZ^Zxs_fmdZlbhgmjZa^_eyxlkygZih^
]jmiiudZevpb_\mxfZ]gb_\mxbgZljb_\mx


                            DeZkkbnbdZpbyH::e_dbgZ
      <hkgh\m__iheh`_gu]eZ\guofZdjh-bhgh\obfbq_kdh]hkhklZ\Z\h^u
\ujZ`_ggu_\ffhev-ijhp_glghcnhjf_>ey\u^_e_gbydeZkkh\b]jmii\h^u
\deZkkbnbdZpbbbkihevah\Zgijbgpbiij_h[eZ^Zxsbodhfihg_glh\<ij_
^_eZo deZkkZ b ]jmiiu jZaebqZxlky lbiu \h^ hij_^_ey_fu_ khhlghr_gbyfb
f_`^mbhgZfb Ca2+ + Mg2+.


∗
    Kh^_j`Zgb_bhgZ\ujZ`Z_lkyffhev^f3

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