Science for University Students. Part II. Translations. Сологуб Л.И. - 43 стр.

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III. Suggest the English for the following:
1. вырождаться после инфекций
2. преждевременно давать жизнь своему потомству
3. в том же самом жилье
4. названный кошачьим
5. в формируемых требованиях
6. представлять собой угрозу популяции
7. кошачьи, которые приобрели его (заразились)
IV. Translate the text into Russian
Text 3
Sex Determination in Fruit Flies
IN fruit flies, sex is not determined by X and Y chromosomes. It is
determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to other non-sex-related (autosomal)
chromosomes in the fly and by the actions of a number of regulatory genes. Two
such genes that produce protein products that are known to bias sex
determination toward the production of females are called transformer (tra) and
tra-2. Exactly how the expression of these genes influences sex differentiation is
now known. In studies by Hoshijima et al., the products of tra and tra-2 were
shown to induce the maximum production of female-style messenger RNA
molecules by the doublesex (dsx) gene. The dsx messenger RNA molecules are
assembled in the female manner when the female-specific exon is spliced to a
common exon; the gene products made from tra and tra-2 activated the female-
specific acceptor site on dsx, favoring its usage in assembly of the messenger
RNA molecules. The resulting gene product promotes femaleness by repressing
male-specific differentiation.
Ruth Levy Guyer
I. Read the text-summary and denote it’s main information
II. Choose the correct answer:
1) The main thought of the text may be formulated so
a. in fruit flies, sex is determined only by Y chromosomes
b. in fruit flies, sex idetermined both by X and Y chromosomes
c. it is determined only by the ratio of X chromosomes
d. it is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to other no-sex related
chromosomes and by actions of a number of regulatory genes
2) We may suppose the text suggests that
a. it is known how the genes expression influences sex differentiations
b. they induce the maximum production of female style messenger
RNA molecules
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