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around 15 and are usually capped at 20. This is possible partly because private schools pay
their teachers less (often about 80% of the public school pay scale), and partly because
private schools are at liberty to refuse any more students after they have reached their full
capacity (whereas public schools are required by law to give education to anyone who signs
up). As a result, admission is competitive (often based on university entrance exams like the
SAT). Discipline also tends to be stricter in private schools than in public schools.
In American terminology, a college is a postgraduate institution that may award
associate, bachelor, and even master's degrees, but only the university can award the Ph.D.
or doctorate. A typical university usually consists of at least one undergraduate college
(awarding bachelor's degrees) and several graduate schools (awarding master's degrees and
doctorates).
Each s tate maintains its own public univers ity s ystem, which is always nonprofit. Most
areas will a ls o have private ins titutions which may be for-profit or non-profit. The most
prestigious universities are part of the Ivy League.
All but a few charity institutions charge tuition to all s tudents , although s cholars hips
(both merit-based and need-based) are widely available. Generally, private universities
charge much higher tuition than their public counterparts, which rely on state funds to make
up the difference. Because each state supports its own university system with state taxes,
most public universities charge much higher rates for out-of-state students. Private
universities are generally considered to be of higher quality than public universities,
although there are many exceptions. The absence of state funds tends to drive private
universities to offer better customer service.
The vast majority of students lack the financial resources to pay tuition up-front and
must rely on student loans from their university, the federal government, or a private lender.
Annual undergraduate tuition varies widely from state to state, and many additional fees
apply. A typical year's tuition at a public university (for residents of the state) would be
about $15,000. Private s chools are typically much higher, although prices vary widely from
"no-frills" private schools to highly specialized technical institutes . Depending upon the
type of school and program, annual graduate program tuition can vary from $20,000 to as
high as $40,000.
Many foreign readers of Wikipedia may be unfamiliar with the snobbery and elitism
which American pos ts econdary education is infamous for. American colleges and

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