Тематический сборник текстов для чтения (английский язык). Соснина Е.П - 131 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

131
In Europe young men proceeded to the university when they had completed the study
of the trivium: the preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric, and logic; and the quadrivium:
arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. See Degrees of Oxford University, §1 for the
history of how the trivium and quadrivium developed in relation to degrees, especially in
anglophone universities.
Universities are generally established by statute or charter. In the United Kingdom, for
instance, a university is instituted by Act of Parlia ment or Royal Charter; in either cas e
generally with the approval of Privy Council, and only such recognised bodies can award
degrees of any kind.
In France, students can also attend Grandes йcoles, which are very prestigious and
elitis t schools , with s mall pro motions —usually a couple hundred students —and very
selective competitive exams at the entrance. There are Grandes йcoles for literature,
business, and engineering. Formation provided in these schools is usually of a better level
than the corresponding one in French universities. The system of the Grandes йcoles is
particular to the French education system.
In the United States, universities are usually treated by the law as a corporation like any
other, although many s tates impos e special res pons ibilities to safeguard the welfare of a
university's students. Because the American federal government does not directly organize
or regulate universities, informal systems of accreditation have been developed by regional
networks of academic institutions. The vast majority of private and public American
universities are non-profit (meaning that excess tuition is plowed into providing higher
quality of s ervice), but starting in the 1970s , many for-profit colleges and universities were
founded to take advantage of certain changes in the federal student assistance programs.
In the late 19th century, the U.S. Congress encouraged the creation of many land-grant
universities.
In the last decades of the 20th century, a number of mega universities have been created,
teaching with distance learning techniques.

Страницы