Тематический сборник текстов для чтения (английский язык). Соснина Е.П - 61 стр.

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Text 5. Varieties of vegetarianism (terminology)
Different practices of vegetarianism include:
• Strict vegetarians avoid consuming all animal products (e.g., eggs, milk, cheese and
honey). Today, strict vegetarians are commonly called vegans, though some reserve this
term for those who additionally avoid usage of all kinds of animal products (e.g., leather and
some cosmetics), not just food.
• Ovo-lacto vegetarians do not eat meat, but may consume animal products such as
eggs and milk. Those who are ovo-lacto vegetarians for ethical reasons may additionally
refuse to eat cheese made with animal-based enzymes (rennet), or eggs produced by factory
farms. The term "vegetarian" is most commonly intended to mean "ovo-lacto vegetarian",
particularly as "vegan" has gained acceptance as the term for stricter practice.
• Lacto vegetarians do not eat meat, but may consume milk and its derivatives, like
cheese, butter or yogurt.
• Similarly, ovo-vegetarians do not eat meat but may eat eggs.
• Flexitarians adhere to a diet that is mostly vegetarian; however, they occasionally
consume meat.
• Macrobiotics involves a diet consisting mostly of whole grains and beans, and is
usually spiritually-bas ed like Fructarianis m.
• Raw Foodism involves food, usually vegan, which is not heated above 116F; it may
be warmed slightly or raw, but never cooked. Raw Foodists argue that cooking destroys
enzymes, and/or portions of each nutrient; this is true, but most raw foodists also
acknowledge that for some foods, as cooking softens them, their nutrients become more
bioavailable, which more than negates the destruction of some nutrients and enzymes. Some
raw-foodists, called living-foodists, also 'activate' the enzymes, e.g. by soaking in water, a
while before they plan to eat the food. Some spiritual raw-foodists are also Fructarians and
some eat only organic foods.
Religious dietary restrictions come in many forms and are sometimes compatible with the
secular terminology.
The following are not generally considered vegetarianism:
• Fructarians, more commonly called "fruitarians", eat only fruit, nuts, seeds and other
plant matter that can be gathered without harming the plant. This typically arises out of a
holistic philosophy. Thus a fructarian will eat beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins and

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