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the like, but will re fus e to eat potatoes or spinach. Technically, fructarianis m is a kind of
vegetarianism, but its much stricter definition is very rarely seen as being the same thing as
vegetarianism. It is also hotly disputed whether it is possible to avoid malnutrition with a
fructarian diet. Fructarianism is much rarer than vegetarianism or veganism.
• Some people choose to avoid certain types of meat for many of the same reasons that
others choos e vegetarianis m: health, ethical beliefs , etc. For example, s ome people will not
eat "red meat" (mamma l meat – beef, lamb, pork, etc.) while still consuming poultry and
seafood. This is not traditional vegetarianism, but has recently been referred to in the media
as semi-vegetarianism (or see Pesco/Pollo vegetarianism for other terms). Some non-
vegetarians thus assume vegetarianism to be pesco/pollo vegetarianism.
• Others might regard the suffering of animals in factory farm conditions as their sole
reason for avoiding meat or meat based foods. These people will eat meat, or meat products,
from animals raised under more humane conditions or hunted in the wild. Some of these
people would refer to themselves as vegetarians.
• Freegans subscribe to a purely environmental mentality: although meat is generally
avoided, eating meat that has been discarded by others is acceptable. The environmental
impact of this practice is seen as null or perhaps even beneficial (although discarded meat
can be safely composted in some facilities). Freegans often prefer discarded food in any
case, even if it is not meat. But producing meat is believed to have more environmental
impact than other foods, so this is often the focus of freeganism.
• In current English, the term "vegetarian" is occasionally used for restricted diets that
nevertheless include some types of meat. Usually these deviations from traditional usage are
made casually, perhaps for lack of a better word. The resulting confusion of terms can create
awkward situations for more strict vegetarians, however, as any traditional vegetarian who
has been expected to eat a dish because it "only contains a little meat" (or "is just fish") can
readily attest.
In 1847, attendees at the meeting of the first Vegetarian Society in Ramsgate, England,
agreed that a "vegetarian" was a person who refuses to consume flesh of any kind. Prior to
that time, vegetarians had often been called Pythagoreans, after the philosopher and his
followers who also abstained from meat (and some types of beans).
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