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64
of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as s aying, in about 1841, that he had
witnessed Aborigines playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player
will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air
in order to catch it." It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the
development of Australian Rules Football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska,
the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk . Each match began with two
teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each
other team's line and then at a goal.
These games and others may well stretch far back into antiquity and have influenced
football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football
games appears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England.
Text 2. Polo
Polo (also known as Cho-gan) is a team game played on a field with one goal for each
team. Each team has four players. Polo features successive periods called "chukkas", and
riders score by driving a ball into the opposing team's goal using a long-handled mallet. In
this it is s imilar to many team sports s uch as football and field hockey. The main difference
is that the players play on horseback.
Polo is arguably one of the most complex of games in the world. The precise origin of
polo is obscure and undocumented and there is ample evidence of the game's regal place in
the history of Asia. No one knows where or when stick first met ball after the horse was
domesticated by the ancient Iranian (Aryan) tribes of Central Asia before their migration to
Iranian plateau; but it seems likely that as the use of light cavalry spread throughout Iranian
plateau, Asia Minor, China and the Indian sub-continent so did this rugged game on horse
back. However, many scholars believe that polo originated among the Iranian tribes
sometime before the reign of Darius the Great (521–485 BC) and his cavalry forged the
Second Iranian Empire, the Achaemenid dynasty. Certainly it is Persian literature and art,
which give us the richest accounts of polo in antiquity.
Ferdowsi, the most famous of Iranian poet-historian, gives a number of accounts of
royal polo tournaments in his 9th century epic, Shahnameh (the Epic of Kings). Some
believe that the Chinese (the Mongols) were the first to try their hands at the game, but in
the earliest account, Ferdowsi romanticizes an international match between Turanian force
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